现在主流的Web MVC框架除了Struts这个主力 外,其次就是Spring MVC了,因此这也是作为一名程序员需要掌握的主流框架,框架选择多了,应对多变的需求和业务时,可实行的方案自然就多了。不过要想灵活运用Spring MVC来应对大多数的Web开发,就必须要掌握它的配置及原理。
一、Spring MVC环境搭建:(Spring 2.5.6 + Hibernate 3.2.0)
1. jar包引入
Spring 2.5.6:spring.jar、spring-webmvc.jar、commons-logging.jar、cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar
Hibernate 3.6.8:hibernate3.jar、hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar、antlr-2.7.6.jar、commons-collections-3.1、dom4j-1.6.1.jar、javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar、jta-1.1.jar、slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar、slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar、相应数据库的驱动jar包
2. web.xml配置(部分)
04 | <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> |
05 | <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> |
12 | <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> |
16 | <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> |
17 | <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> |
25 | <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> |
31 | <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> |
32 | <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value> |
3. spring-servlet.xml配置
spring-servlet这个名字是因为上面web.xml中<servlet-name>标签配的值为spring(<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>),再加上“-servlet”后缀而形成的spring-servlet.xml文件名,如果改为springMVC,对应的文件名则为springMVC-servlet.xml。
01 | <?xml
version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?> |
02 | <beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
03 | xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" |
04 | xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
05 | xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
|
06 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
|
07 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
|
08 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/context <a
href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd</a>"> |
11 | <context:annotation-config
/> |
14 | <context:component-scan
base-package="controller"></context:component-scan> |
17 | <bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"
/> |
20 | <bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/jsp/"
p:suffix=".jsp"
/> |
4. applicationContext.xml配置
01 | <?xml
version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?> |
02 | <beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
03 | xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" |
04 | xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" |
05 | xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" |
07 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd |
08 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd |
09 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> |
12 | <bean
id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> |
13 | <property
name="configLocation"> |
14 | <value>classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml</value> |
19 | <bean
id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> |
20 | <property
name="sessionFactory"> |
21 | <ref
local="sessionFactory"/> |
26 | <tx:annotation-driven
transaction-manager="transactionManager"
proxy-target-class="true"/> |
29 | <bean
id="loginService"
class="service.LoginService"></bean> |
32 | <bean
id="hibernateDao"
class="dao.HibernateDao"> |
33 | <property
name="sessionFactory"
ref="sessionFactory"></property> |
二、详解
Spring MVC与Struts从原理上很相似(都是基于MVC架构),都有一个控制页面请求的Servlet,处理完后跳转页面。看如下代码(注解):
03 | import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; |
05 | import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
06 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
07 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; |
12 | public class
TestController { |
14 | @RequestMapping("test/login.do")
|
15 | public
String testLogin(@RequestParam(value="username")String username, String password, HttpServletRequest request) { |
19 | if
(!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password)) { |
22 | return
"loginSuccess"; |
25 | @RequestMapping("/test/login2.do") |
26 | public
ModelAndView testLogin2(String username, String password,
int age){ |
30 | if
(!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age <
5) { |
31 | return
new ModelAndView("loginError");
|
33 | return
new ModelAndView(new
RedirectView("../index.jsp"));
|
38 | @RequestMapping("/test/login3.do") |
39 | public
ModelAndView testLogin3(User user) { |
41 | String username = user.getUsername(); |
42 | String password = user.getPassword(); |
43 | int
age = user.getAge(); |
45 | if
(!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age <
5) { |
46 | return
new ModelAndView("loginError"); |
48 | return
new ModelAndView("loginSuccess"); |
51 | @Resource(name =
"loginService") |
52 | private
LoginService loginService; |
54 | @RequestMapping("/test/login4.do") |
55 | public
String testLogin4(User user) { |
56 | if
(loginService.login(user) == false) { |
59 | return
"loginSuccess"; |
以上4个方法示例,是一个Controller里含有不同的请求url,也可以采用一个url访问,通过url参数来区分访问不同的方法,代码如下:
03 | import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
04 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
05 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; |
08 | @RequestMapping("/test2/login.do")
|
09 | public class
TestController2 { |
12 | public
String testLogin(String username, String password, int
age) { |
15 | if
(!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age <
5) { |
18 | return
"loginSuccess"; |
21 | @RequestMapping(params =
"method=1", method=RequestMethod.POST) |
22 | public
String testLogin2(String username, String password) { |
26 | if
(!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password)) { |
29 | return
"loginSuccess"; |
32 | @RequestMapping(params =
"method=2") |
33 | public
String testLogin3(String username, String password, int
age) { |
34 | if
(!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age <
5) { |
37 | return
"loginSuccess"; |
其实RequestMapping在Class上,可看做是父Request请求url,而RequestMapping在方法上的可看做是子Request请求url,父子请求url最终会拼起来与页面请求url进行匹配,因此RequestMapping也可以这么写:
03 | import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
04 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
07 | @RequestMapping("/test3/*")
|
08 | public class
TestController3 { |
10 | @RequestMapping("login.do")
|
11 | public
String testLogin(String username, String password, int
age) { |
12 | if
(!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age <
5) { |
15 | return
"loginSuccess"; |
三、结束语
掌握以上这些Spring MVC就已经有了很好的基础了,几乎可应对与任何开发,在熟练掌握这些后,便可更深层次的灵活运用的技术,如多种视图技术,例如 Jsp、Velocity、Tiles、iText 和 POI。Spring MVC框架并不知道使用的视图,所以不会强迫您只使用 JSP 技术。