vue3 + antd 封装动态表单组件(一)

本文介绍了如何在Vue3.3.11环境中利用AntDesignVue4.1.1创建动态表单组件,包括配置文件的编写、动态生成表单项以及处理数据验证和重置功能。

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前置条件

vue版本 v3.3.11
ant-design-vue版本 v4.1.1

内容梗概

这篇文章的主要内容提供创建动态表单组件的基础模板,相关复杂功能可根据实际的业务场景自行实现。

先看效果图
在这里插入图片描述

代码区域

创建动态组件配置文件config.js

import { Input, Textarea, InputNumber, Select, RadioGroup, CheckboxGroup, DatePicker } from 'ant-design-vue';

// 表单域组件类型
export const componentsMap = {
    Text: Input,
    Textarea,
    Number: InputNumber,
    Select,
    Radio: RadioGroup,
    Checkbox: CheckboxGroup,
    DatePicker,
}

创建dynamic-form.vue组件

<template>
  <div>
    <a-form ref="formRef" :model="formModel" v-bind="$attrs">
      <a-form-item
        :name="item.field"
        :label="item.label"
        v-for="item in formSchema"
        :key="item.field"
        v-bind="item.formItemProps"
      >
        <component
          :is="componentsMap[item.component]"
          v-bind="item.componentProps"
          v-model:value="formModel[item.field]"
        />
      </a-form-item>
    </a-form>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref, watch, onMounted } from "vue";
import { componentsMap } from "./config.js";

const props = defineProps({
  // 表单项配置
  schema: {
    type: Array,
    default: () => [],
  },
  // 表单model配置,一般用于默认值、回显数据
  model: {
    type: Object,
    default: () => ({}),
  },
});

const formRef = ref(null);

const formSchema = ref([]);
const formModel = ref({});

// 表单初始化
const initForm = () => {
  formSchema.value = props.schema.map((x) => {
    return {
      ...x,
    };
  });

  // model初始数据
  formModel.value = props.schema.reduce((pre, cur) => {
    if (!pre[cur.field]) {
      // 表单初始数据(默认值)
      pre[cur.field] = cur.value;
      return pre;
    }
  }, {});
};

onMounted(() => {
  initForm();
  // 构建表单项后才回显model值,model会覆盖schema配置的value值
  watch(
    () => props.model,
    (newVal) => {
      formModel.value = { ...formModel.value, ...newVal };
    },
    {
      immediate: true,
      deep: true,
    }
  );
});

// 表单验证
const validateFields = () => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    formRef.value
      .validateFields()
      .then((formData) => {
        resolve(formData);
      })
      .catch((err) => reject(err));
  });
};

// 表单重置
const resetFields = (isInit = true) => {
  // 是否清空默认值
  if (isInit) {
    formModel.value = {};
  }
  formRef.value.resetFields();
};

// 暴露方法
defineExpose({
  validateFields,
  resetFields,
});
</script>

使用dynamic-form.vue组件

<template>
  <div style="padding: 200px">
    <DynamicForm ref="formRef" :schema="schema" :model="model" :labelCol="{ span: 4 }" :wrapperCol="{ span: 20 }"/>
    <div style="display: flex; justify-content: center">
      <a-button @click="handleReset(true)">重置(全部清空)</a-button>
      <a-button style="margin-left: 50px" @click="handleReset(false)"
        >重置</a-button
      >
      <a-button type="primary" style="margin-left: 50px" @click="handleSubmit"
        >提交</a-button
      >
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import DynamicForm from "@/components/form/dynamic-form.vue";
import { ref } from "vue";
import dayjs from "dayjs";
const formRef = ref(null);

const schema = ref([
  {
    label: "姓名",
    field: "name",
    component: "Text",
    componentProps: {
      allowClear: true,
      showCount: true,
      maxlength: 20,
      style: {
        width: "500px",
      },
    },
    formItemProps: {
      rules: [
        {
          required: true,
          message: "请输入姓名",
          trigger: "blur",
        },
      ],
    },
  },
  {
    label: "性别",
    field: "sex",
    component: "Radio",
    componentProps: {
      options: [
        { value: 1, label: "男" },
        { value: 2, label: "女" },
        { value: 3, label: "保密" },
      ],
    },
    formItemProps: {
      rules: [
        {
          required: true,
          message: "请选择性别",
          trigger: "blur",
        },
      ],
    },
    value: 1,
  },
  {
    label: "生日",
    field: "birthday",
    component: "DatePicker",
    formItemProps: {
      rules: [
        {
          required: true,
          message: "生日日期不能为空",
          trigger: "blur",
        },
      ],
    },
  },
  {
    label: "兴趣",
    field: "hobby",
    component: "Checkbox",
    componentProps: {
      options: [
        { value: 1, label: "足球" },
        { value: 2, label: "篮球" },
        { value: 3, label: "排球" },
      ],
    },
  },
  {
    label: "国家",
    field: "country",
    component: "Select",
    componentProps: {
      allowClear: true,
      options: [
        { value: 1, label: "中国" },
        { value: 2, label: "美国" },
        { value: 3, label: "俄罗斯" },
      ],
    },
  },
  {
    label: "简介",
    field: "desc",
    component: "Textarea",
    componentProps: {
      allowClear: true,
      autoSize: {
        minRows: 4,
        maxRows: 4,
      },
      maxlength: 200,
      showCount: true,
    },
  },
]);
const model = ref({ name: "百里守约" });
// 提交
const handleSubmit = async () => {
  const formData = await formRef.value.validateFields();
  if (formData.birthday) {
    formData.birthday = dayjs(formData.birthday).format("YYYY-MM-DD");
  }
  console.log("提交信息:", formData);
};

// 重置
const handleReset = (isInit) => {
  formRef.value.resetFields(isInit);
};
</script>
首先,你需要安装 `ant-design-vue` 和 `vue3` 。 ``` npm install ant-design-vue@next npm install vue@next ``` 然后,你可以创建表单组件 `Form.vue` : ```vue <template> <a-form :form="form" @submit="handleSubmit"> <slot /> </a-form> </template> <script> import { defineComponent, ref } from &#39;vue&#39;; import { Form } from &#39;ant-design-vue&#39;; export default defineComponent({ components: { Form }, props: { initialValues: Object, onFinish: Function, onFinishFailed: Function, }, setup(props, { emit }) { const form = ref(null); const handleSubmit = (e) => { e.preventDefault(); form.value .validateFields() .then((values) => { if (props.onFinish) { props.onFinish(values); } }) .catch((error) => { if (props.onFinishFailed) { props.onFinishFailed(error); } }); }; return { form, handleSubmit, }; }, }); </script> ``` 在这个表单组件中,我们使用了 `a-form` 组件和插槽。我们为 `a-form` 组件绑定了 `form` 对象和 `submit` 事件。在组件的 `setup` 函数中,我们定义了个 `form` 的引用,并且定义了个 `handleSubmit` 函数,用于处理表单的提交事件。 接下来,我们可以创建表单组件 `FormItem.vue` : ```vue <template> <a-form-item :label="label" :name="name" :rules="rules"> <slot /> </a-form-item> </template> <script> import { defineComponent } from &#39;vue&#39;; import { FormItem } from &#39;ant-design-vue&#39;; export default defineComponent({ components: { FormItem }, props: { label: String, name: String, rules: Array, }, }); </script> ``` 在这个表单组件中,我们使用了 `a-form-item` 组件和插槽。我们为 `a-form-item` 组件绑定了 `label`、`name` 和 `rules` 属性。 现在,我们可以在 `Form.vue` 组件中使用 `FormItem.vue` 组件来创建表单项了: ```vue <template> <Form :form="form" @submit="handleSubmit"> <FormItem label="Username" name="username" :rules="[{ required: true, message: &#39;Please input your username&#39; }]"> <a-input v-model:value="formData.username" /> </FormItem> <FormItem label="Password" name="password" :rules="[{ required: true, message: &#39;Please input your password&#39; }]"> <a-input-password v-model:value="formData.password" /> </FormItem> <FormItem> <a-button type="primary" html-type="submit">Submit</a-button> </FormItem> </Form> </template> <script> import { defineComponent, reactive } from &#39;vue&#39;; import Form from &#39;./Form.vue&#39;; import FormItem from &#39;./FormItem.vue&#39;; export default defineComponent({ components: { Form, FormItem }, setup() { const formData = reactive({ username: &#39;&#39;, password: &#39;&#39;, }); const handleSubmit = (values) => { console.log(values); }; return { formData, handleSubmit, }; }, }); </script> ``` 在这个例子中,我们创建了两个表单项:用户名和密码。我们使用 `v-model` 指令将表单数据绑定到 `formData` 对象上。我们也定义了个 `handleSubmit` 函数,在表单提交时输出表单数据。 最后,我们需要在 `main.js` 文件中引入 `ant-design-vue` 组件库和 `Form.vue` 组件: ```js import { createApp } from &#39;vue&#39;; import App from &#39;./App.vue&#39;; import Antd from &#39;ant-design-vue&#39;; import &#39;ant-design-vue/dist/antd.css&#39;; import Form from &#39;./components/Form.vue&#39;; const app = createApp(App); app.use(Antd); app.component(&#39;Form&#39;, Form); app.mount(&#39;#app&#39;); ``` 现在,我们就可以在 Vue 3 中使用 Ant Design Vue表单组件了。
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