不同之处:
1.Callable可以返回一个类型V,而Runnable不可以
2.Callable能够抛出checked exception,而Runnable不可以。
3.Runnable是自从java1.1就有了,而Callable是1.5之后才加上去的
1.Callable可以返回一个类型V,而Runnable不可以
2.Callable能够抛出checked exception,而Runnable不可以。
3.Runnable是自从java1.1就有了,而Callable是1.5之后才加上去的
4.Callable和Runnable都可以应用于executors。而Thread类只支持Runnable.
下面是具体的接口源码和demo:
Executor接口
- public interface Executor {
- /**
- * Executes the given command at some time in the future. The command
- * may execute in a new thread, in a pooled thread, or in the calling
- * thread, at the discretion of the <tt>Executor</tt> implementation.
- *
- * @param command the runnable task
- * @throws RejectedExecutionException if this task cannot be
- * accepted for execution.
- * @throws NullPointerException if command is null
- */
- void execute(Runnable command);
- }
- //接口ExecutorService继承自Executor,它的目的是为我们管理Thread对象,从而简化并发编程
- public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {
- <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
- <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);
- Future<?> submit(Runnable task);
- ...
- }
-
- public interface Callable<V> {
- /**
- * Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
- *
- * @return computed result
- * @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
- */
- V call() throws Exception;
- }
- public interface Runnable {
- public abstract void run();
- }
- public interface Future<V> {
- boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
- /**
- * Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
- * retrieves its result.
- *
- * @return the computed result
- */
- V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
- V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
- throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
- }
并且,call方法还可以返回任何对象,无论是什么对象,JVM都会当作Object来处理。但是如果使用了泛型,我们就不用每次都对Object进行转换了。
用Executor来构建线程池,应该要做的事:
1).调用Executors类中的静态方法newCachedThreadPool(必要时创建新线程,空闲线程会被保留60秒)或newFixedThreadPool(包含固定数量的线程池)等,返回的是一个实现了ExecutorService接口的ThreadPoolExecutor类或者是一个实现了ScheduledExecutorServiece接口的类对象。
2).调用submit提交Runnable或Callable对象。
3).如果想要取消一个任务,或如果提交Callable对象,那就要保存好返回的Future对象。
4).当不再提交任何任务时,调用shutdown方法。
举2个例子如下:
- package thread.test04;
- import java.util.concurrent.*;
- public class ThreadTestA {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService e=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
- e.execute(new MyRunnableA());
- e.execute(new MyRunnableB());
- e.shutdown();
- }
- }
- class MyRunnableA implements Runnable{
- public void run(){
- System.out.println("Runnable:run()....");
- int i=0;
- while(i<20){
- i++;
- for(int j=0;j<1000000;j++);
- System.out.println("i="+i);
- }
- }
- }
- class MyRunnableB implements Runnable{
- public void run(){
- char c='A'-1;
- while(c<'Z'){
- c++;
- for(int j=0;j<1000000;j++);
- System.out.println("c="+c);
- }
- }
- }
- package thread.test04;
- import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.Future;
- public class ThreadTestB {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService e=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
- Future f1=e.submit(new MyCallableA());
- Future f2=e.submit(new MyCallableA());
- Future f3=e.submit(new MyCallableA());
- System.out.println("--Future.get()....");
- try {
- System.out.println(f1.get());
- System.out.println(f2.get());
- System.out.println(f3.get());
- } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ExecutionException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
- e.shutdown();
- }
- }
- class MyCallableA implements Callable<String>{
- public String call() throws Exception {
- System.out.println("开始执行Callable");
- String[] ss={"zhangsan","lisi"};
- long[] num=new long[2];
- for(int i=0;i<1000000;i++){
- num[(int)(Math.random()*2)]++;
- }
- if(num[0]>num[1]){
- return ss[0];
- }else if(num[0]<num[1]){
- throw new Exception("弃权!");
- }else{
- return ss[1];
- }
- }
- }