首先查看源码:Map经常运用到的源码
- /**
- * Returns a {@code Set} containing all of the mappings in this {@code Map}. Each mapping is
- * an instance of {@link Map.Entry}. As the {@code Set} is backed by this {@code Map},
- * changes in one will be reflected in the other.
- *
- * @return a set of the mappings
- */
- public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet();
- /**
- * Returns a set of the keys contained in this {@code Map}. The {@code Set} is backed by
- * this {@code Map} so changes to one are reflected by the other. The {@code Set} does not
- * support adding.
- *
- * @return a set of the keys.
- */
- public Set<K> keySet();
2.keySet(); 将Map中所有的键存入到set集合中。因为set具备迭代器。所有可以迭代方式取出所有的键,再根据get方法。获取每一个键对应的值。 keySet():迭代后只能通过get()取key
- /**
- * Returns a {@code Collection} of the values contained in this {@code Map}. The {@code Collection}
- * is backed by this {@code Map} so changes to one are reflected by the other. The
- * {@code Collection} supports {@link Collection#remove}, {@link Collection#removeAll},
- * {@link Collection#retainAll}, and {@link Collection#clear} operations,
- * and it does not support {@link Collection#add} or {@link Collection#addAll} operations.
- * <p>
- * This method returns a {@code Collection} which is the subclass of
- * {@link AbstractCollection}. The {@link AbstractCollection#iterator} method of this subclass returns a
- * "wrapper object" over the iterator of this {@code Map}'s {@link #entrySet()}. The {@link AbstractCollection#size} method
- * wraps this {@code Map}'s {@link #size} method and the {@link AbstractCollection#contains} method wraps this {@code Map}'s
- * {@link #containsValue} method.
- * <p>
- * The collection is created when this method is called at first time and
- * returned in response to all subsequent calls. This method may return
- * different Collection when multiple calls to this method, since it has no
- * synchronization performed.
- *
- * @return a collection of the values contained in this map.
- */
- public Collection<V> values();
- /**
- * {@code Map.Entry} is a key/value mapping contained in a {@code Map}.
- */
- public static interface Entry<K,V> {<span style="font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', Simsun;">}</span>
entry用来迭代map Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); map.put("111", "aaa"); map.put("222", "bbb"); for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey()); System.out.println(entry.getValue()); }
HashMap是无序的,TreeMap的顺序是插入的先后顺序Eg:<span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 宋体, 'Arial narrow', arial, serif; line-height: 28px;">JAVA 自带的Map</span><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 宋体, 'Arial narrow', arial, serif; line-height: 28px;">接口是没有排序功能。即使你按照一定的</span><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 宋体, 'Arial narrow', arial, serif; line-height: 28px;">顺序输入,但是输出结果也往往是随机的,对一些特殊的应用很不爽。这时候,可以使用TreeMap类进</span><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 宋体, 'Arial narrow', arial, serif; line-height: 28px;">行转换一下就可以了。如果需要排序的功能,最好在new Map对象的时</span><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 宋体, 'Arial narrow', arial, serif; line-height: 28px;">候,使用TreeMap. 但是</span><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 宋体, 'Arial narrow', arial, serif; line-height: 28px;">如果对已经存在的Map进行按值排序,则需进行转换一下。</span>
eg:<img src="https://img-blog.youkuaiyun.com/20150121170947875?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvenFzNjI3NjExMzA=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center" alt="" style="border: none; max-width: 100%;" />
添加
put(K key,V value)
putAll(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m)
删除
clear()
remove(Object key)
判断
containsValue(Object value)
containsKey(Object key)
isEmpty()
获取
get(Object key)
size()
values()
Map:
Hashtable(JDK1.0)
底层数据结构是哈希表。不可存null键null值。线程同步,效率低。
HashMap(JDK1.2)
底层数据结构是哈希表。允许存入null键null值。不同步,效率高。
TreeMap
底层数据结构是二叉树。线程不同步。可用于给map集合中的键排序。
Map和Set和像,其实Set底层就是使用了Map集合。
map集合的两种取出方式:
1 Set<K> keySet
keySet将所有键取出,存入Set集合,因为Set具备迭代器。
可以用迭代器取出所有键,然后用get方法获取对应值
原理:map集合转成Set集合,再用迭代器取出。
2 Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet
entrySet将映射关系(Map.Entry类型)取出,存入Set集合,然后用
Map.Entry中的getKey和getValue获取键和值。
其实Entry是Map接口的一个内部接口,即子接口
先有Map集合再有映射关系,是Map集合的内部事务
Map.Entry中存的是映射关系这种数据类型。
内部接口才能加静态修饰符
1、基本概述
Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() 返回此映射中包含的映射关系的 set 视图。
Set<K> keySet() 返回此映射中包含的键的 set 视图。
2、效率分析
对于keySet其实是遍历了2次,一次是转为iterator,一次就从hashmap中取出key所对于的value。而entryset只是遍历了第一次,他把key和value都放到了entry中,所以就快了。
3、使用举例
Map<String, String> maps = new HashMap<String, String>();
//方法一: 用entrySet()
Iterator<Entry<String,String>> it = maps.entrySet().iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Map.Entry<String,String> m = it.next();
String key = m.getKey();
String value= m.getValue();
}
// 方法二:jdk1.5支持,用entrySet()和For-Each循环()
for (Map.Entry<String, String> m : maps.entrySet()) {
String key = m.getKey();
String value= m.getValue();
}
// 方法三:用keySet()
Iterator<String> it2 = maps.keySet().iterator();
while (it2.hasNext()){
String key = it2.next();
String value= maps.get(key);
}
// 方法四:jdk1.5支持,用keySet()和For-Each循环
for(String m: maps.keySet()){
String key = m;
String value= maps.get(m);
}
foreach和while的效率几乎是差不多的,而for则相对较慢一些。foreach可以替代掉for吗?显然不是。
foreach的内部原理其实还是 Iterator,但它不能像Iterator一样可以人为的控制,而且也不能调用iterator.remove(),更不能使用下标来方便的访问元素。因此foreach这种循环一般只适合做数组的遍历,提取数据显示等,不适合用于增加删除和使用下标等复杂的操作。
- //写入值 标签<string name="">value</string>
- public static boolean saveSearchRecord(Context context,String key,String time){
- SharedPreferences sp = context.getSharedPreferences("search_record", 0);
- Editor e = sp.edit();
- //map 映射的总数,大于20条时,末尾插入一条数据
- int count = sp.getAll().size();
- if(count <20){
- e.putString(key, time);
- //e.putInt("count", count+1);
- }
- else{
- e.putString(key, time);
- Iterator iter = sp.getAll().entrySet().iterator();
- int cunIter = 1;
- Boolean flag =true;
- while (iter.hasNext()) {
- if(cunIter < sp.getAll().size()){
- cunIter++;
- }else{
- //迭代器iter.next(); 返回迭代的下一个对象,
- Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iter.next();
- Log.v("Boolean", ""+iter.hasNext());
- Log.v("key", (String) entry.getKey());
- if(flag){
- e.remove((String) entry.getKey());
- flag= false;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return e.commit();
- }
- //存HashMap所有值
- public static void saveHotNewsStatus(Context context,HashMap<String, String> map){
- SharedPreferences sp = context
- .getSharedPreferences("hotnews_status", 0);
- Editor e = sp.edit();
- Iterator iter = map.entrySet().iterator();
- while (iter.hasNext()) {
- Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iter.next();
- String key = (String) entry.getKey();
- String val = (String) entry.getValue();
- e.putString(key, val);
- }
- e.commit();
- // 效率高,以后一定要使用此种方式!
- }
五、 Map 值排序