一个耗时4小时的内存泄漏问题

本文讲述了作者在发现服务内存泄漏后,通过排查代码、理解多线程共享数据问题,最终定位到protobuf对象分配导致的内存泄漏。修复过程中强调了避免线程共享数据的重要性,并分享了经验教训以及内存泄漏检测工具的使用。

上周像往常一样例行检查线上机器性能,突然发现一个服务的内存使用率是这样的:

在这里插入图片描述

很显然该服务存在内存泄漏问题,赶紧排查问题。

 

问题排查

首先确定内存泄漏问题出现的时间,发现在该时间点的上线有两次代码提交,其中一个就是我的。于是立刻排查这两次代码的改动,确定了另一个同事的代码不可能会有内存问题后(因为另一个同事的上线仅仅修改了配置)我知道肯定是自己的代码出现了问题。

确定了问题所在后赶紧把自己的代码回滚掉,接下来就可以放心debug了。

 

Debug

什么是内存泄漏?

简单的讲就是程序员申请的内存在使用完后没有还给操作系统,由于笔者使用的是C++语言,因此内存泄漏一般是这样的:

obj* o = new obj();

...

// 使用完obj后没有delete掉

肯定有什么地方申请了内存后没有调用delete释放内存。

在这里介绍一下笔者的代码改动,我的任务其实是重构一段代码,把这段代码并行化。也就是旧的逻辑是在一个线程中串行执行的,现在我要把这段逻辑放到两个线程中并行执行,这是最让人头疼的任务之一,并行化改造是比较容易出bug的。

接下来梳理了一遍中所有内存的申请和释放,这其中包括:

  • 使用new/delete分配释放的内存
  • 使用内存池分配释放的内存

仔细梳理一遍后没有发现任何问题,该释放的内存都已经释放掉了,这时笔者已经开始怀疑人生了 😃 ,很显然还有一段没有注意到的地方出现了问题,这是必然的,虽然知道问题必然出现在改动的这些代码里但是我并不能确定出现的位置。

[ 33.140132] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [ 33.146123] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [ 33.176267] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [ 33.190118] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [ 34.102442] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [ 34.109200] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [ 34.117858] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): bond1: link becomes ready [ 34.923468] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link [3133671.754531] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [3134010.024926] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [5219813.104545] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [5220149.604908] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [10618633.524565] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [10618633.538863] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [10618968.644957] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [11432487.344557] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [11432487.352258] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [11432825.544936] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [18160576.837131] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [18160914.354960] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [18160915.804527] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [18160915.915000] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [19218278.814549] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [19218278.828826] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [19218615.414926] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [19625319.094759] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Releasing backup interface [19625319.100915] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts [19625320.188941] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Releasing backup interface [19625321.284874] bond1 (unregistering): Released all slaves [19625323.031464] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [19625323.037743] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [19625323.045740] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [19625323.062059] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [19625324.467280] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [19625324.474256] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [19625324.483105] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): bond1: link becomes ready [19625325.398244] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link [19735782.404529] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [19736120.064946] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [19736121.934529] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [19736122.045010] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [21214349.664526] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [21214689.274912] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [22809995.026848] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [22809995.041127] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [22810331.510866] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [23750455.475825] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [23750792.509848] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [31117814.788858] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Releasing backup interface [31117814.795014] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts [31117815.890500] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Releasing backup interface [31117816.975552] bond1 (unregistering): Released all slaves [31117818.682309] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [31117818.688622] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [31117818.696243] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [31117818.747836] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [31117820.181488] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [31117820.188466] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [31117820.197285] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): bond1: link becomes ready [31117821.091895] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link [31360907.052937] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [31360907.067209] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [31361242.827164] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [34215503.795582] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [34215503.803291] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [34215841.419769] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [36438431.210973] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [36438767.134862] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [45043447.917485] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [45043786.701375] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [47047816.659353] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [47047816.673637] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [47048154.192799] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [47083991.336403] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Releasing backup interface [47083991.342559] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts [47083992.380982] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Releasing backup interface [47083993.468728] bond1 (unregistering): Released all slaves [47083995.141388] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [47083995.147648] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [47083995.155146] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [47083995.205530] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [47083996.659897] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [47083996.666881] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [47083996.677002] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): bond1: link becomes ready [47083997.599581] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link [51333094.205883] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [51333094.220160] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [51333429.949095] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [51333432.038595] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [51333432.149166] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [52351551.783364] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Releasing backup interface [52351551.789520] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts [52351552.834873] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Releasing backup interface [52351553.918634] bond1 (unregistering): Released all slaves [52351555.580538] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [52351555.586814] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [52351555.594586] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [52351555.608958] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [52351557.015366] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [52351557.022342] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [52351557.032532] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): bond1: link becomes ready [52351557.986705] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link [52662182.373856] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [52662182.388126] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [52662518.567239] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [52696895.339928] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Releasing backup interface [52696895.346084] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts [52696896.430979] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Releasing backup interface [52696897.527648] bond1 (unregistering): Released all slaves [52696899.230093] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [52696899.236354] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [52696899.243999] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [52696899.258726] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [52696900.712360] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [52696900.719338] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [52696900.728122] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): bond1: link becomes ready [52696901.643658] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link [55959906.885164] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [55960244.497872] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [58177716.229197] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [58177716.243481] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [58178053.872688] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [58178055.212218] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [58178055.322624] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [58659303.733177] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Releasing backup interface [58659303.739333] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts [58659304.773714] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Releasing backup interface [58659305.848994] bond1 (unregistering): Released all slaves [58659307.547241] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [58659307.553522] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [58659307.561147] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [58659307.590712] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [58659309.015706] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [58659309.022688] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [58659309.032812] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): bond1: link becomes ready [58659309.927476] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link [60355234.023173] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [60355571.537030] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [60700816.664795] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [60701154.448311] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [65658954.578896] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [65658954.593173] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [65659290.502356] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [66348713.394669] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Releasing backup interface [66348713.400825] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts [66348714.420380] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Releasing backup interface [66348715.550502] bond1 (unregistering): Released all slaves [66348717.278447] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [66348717.284720] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [66348717.292478] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [66348717.342606] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [66348718.736752] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [66348718.743730] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [66348718.753928] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): bond1: link becomes ready [66348719.658746] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link [70676902.917739] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [70677242.601056] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [70677243.920526] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [70677244.030971] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [73171530.471264] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [73171530.485543] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [73171868.154692] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [73257145.596177] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Releasing backup interface [73257145.602339] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts [73257146.085249] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Releasing backup interface [73257147.297788] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [73257147.968258] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [73257147.975229] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [73257148.659556] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link [77550478.226714] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [77550814.040174] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [77550816.789716] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely down, disabling slave [77550816.900149] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [80917020.093439] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely down, disabling slave [80917020.107722] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): making interface the new active one [80917358.096294] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): link status definitely up, 10000 Mbps full duplex [80943657.922185] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Releasing backup interface [80943657.928339] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts [80943658.406453] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Releasing backup interface [80943659.368258] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): bond1: link is not ready [80943660.092338] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): making interface the new active one [80943660.099311] bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): Enslaving as an active interface with an up link [80943660.783585] bond1: (slave enp2s0f1): Enslaving as a backup interface with an up link
最新发布
09-19
<think> 我们正在分析bond1接口的日志,这些日志显示了bonding接口及其从属接口enp2s0f0和enp2s0f1的状态变化。关键问题包括链路频繁断开/恢复以及MAC地址冲突警告。 根据日志,问题主要集中在两点: 1. 从属接口(尤其是enp2s0f0和enp2s0f1)的链路状态频繁变化(link status definitely down/up),导致bonding组切换活动接口。 2. 在多次网络重启(或bonding重新配置)时,出现MAC地址冲突的警告: "bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond - set the HWaddr of slave to a different address to avoid conflicts" 这表明bond1接口和其从属接口enp2s0f0的MAC地址相同(都是04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec),导致冲突。 因此,问题的主要原因可能是: - 物理链路问题(如网线、交换机端口故障)导致链路频繁中断(表现为link down/up)。 - Bonding配置错误,导致MAC地址冲突,这可能进一步引发网络不稳定。 解决方案: 1. 排除物理链路问题:检查网线、交换机端口状态,以及通过`ethtool`查看网卡错误统计。 2. 修改bonding配置,确保从属接口的MAC地址与bond接口不同。通常,bonding接口会使用其中一个从属接口的MAC地址(默认为第一个从属接口)。如果希望bond接口使用单独的MAC地址,可以在bond接口配置中明确设置MAC地址,或者在从属接口配置中设置不同的MAC地址(注意:修改从属接口的MAC地址可能会影响网络,需谨慎)。 具体配置调整步骤(以Red Hat/CentOS为例): - 编辑bond接口配置文件(如`/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond1`),添加一行: MACADDR=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx # 设置一个与从属接口不同的MAC地址 - 或者,在从属接口的配置文件(如`/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp2s0f0`)中,修改其MAC地址(注意:这需要确保新的MAC地址不会与其他设备冲突): MACADDR=yy:yy:yy:yy:yy:yy - 重启网络服务。 另外,检查bonding的模式(mode)是否适合当前环境。常用的模式有active-backup(主备)和802.3ad(动态链路聚合)。根据日志,这里似乎是active-backup模式(因为有一个active和一个backup)。确认模式配置是否正确。 如何检查当前bonding模式? # cat /sys/class/net/bond1/bonding/mode 建议: 在排除物理链路问题后,重点解决MAC地址冲突问题,因为冲突会导致网络不稳定。同时,确保bonding驱动参数(如miimon、downdelay等)设置合理,以适应网络环境。 排查步骤: 1. 使用`ethtool enp2s0f0`和`ethtool enp2s0f1`检查物理链路状态和错误计数。 2. 检查交换机端口是否有错误计数或端口频繁up/down。 3. 修正bonding配置中的MAC地址冲突。 4. 确认bonding模式和其他参数(如主备接口的优先级)是否合理。 注意:修改配置前备份原始文件。 根据以上分析,提出相关问题。 </think> ### 问题分析与排查建议 根据提供的日志,网络断开的核心问题是 **bonding 接口的 MAC 地址冲突** 和 **物理链路不稳定**。以下是关键发现和排查步骤: #### 1. **核心问题定位** - **MAC 地址冲突(关键故障)**: 日志中多次出现: ``` bond1: (slave enp2s0f0): the permanent HWaddr of slave - 04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec - is still in use by bond ``` 这表明 bond1 接口和其从属接口 enp2s0f0 使用了相同的 MAC 地址(`04:e8:92:5a:bb:ec`),导致地址冲突,触发网络服务重启时链路中断。 - **物理链路不稳定(次要问题)**: 频繁出现 `link status definitely down/up`(如 enp2s0f0 和 enp2s0f1 交替断开),可能是网线松动、交换机端口故障或网卡驱动问题。 #### 2. **排查步骤** ##### (1) 解决 MAC 地址冲突 - **检查 bonding 配置**: ```bash cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond1 cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp2s0f0 cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp2s0f1 ``` **修复方案**: - 在 `ifcfg-bond1` 中显式指定唯一 MAC 地址(例如添加 `MACADDR=00:11:22:33:44:55`)。 - 或在 `ifcfg-enp2s0f0` 中修改从属接口的 MAC 地址(例如添加 `MACADDR=00:11:22:33:44:56`)。 ##### (2) 诊断物理链路问题 - **检查网卡错误计数**: ```bash ethtool -S enp2s0f0 | grep error # 查看发包/收包错误 ethtool enp2s0f0 # 检查 "Link detected" 状态 ``` 若错误计数高(如 `rx_crc_errors`),需更换网线或检查交换机端口。 - **监控链路状态**: ```bash watch -n 1 'cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1' # 实时查看 bonding 状态 ``` 关注 `Slave Interface` 的 `Link Failure Count`。 ##### (3) 检查系统日志 - **过滤关键事件**: ```bash journalctl -k --since "2023-01-01" | grep -e "bond1" -e "enp2s0" ``` 确认 `link down` 事件是否与物理操作(如网线插拔)相关。 #### 3. **解决方案** 1. **紧急恢复**: ```bash ifdown bond1 && ifup bond1 # 重启 bond 接口 ``` 2. **永久修复**: - 修改配置文件解决 MAC 冲突(步骤见上)。 - 若链路问题持续,更换网线或联系交换机管理员检查端口日志。 ---
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