一、源码分析
public interface CoroutineScope {
/**
* The context of this scope.
* Context is encapsulated by the scope and used for implementation of coroutine builders that are extensions on the scope.
* Accessing this property in general code is not recommended for any purposes except accessing the [Job] instance for advanced usages.
*
* By convention, should contain an instance of a [job][Job] to enforce structured concurrency.
*/
public val coroutineContext: CoroutineContext
}
CoroutineScope中只包含一个待实现的变量CoroutineContext,至于CoroutineContext之前的文章已经分析了它的内部结构,这里就不再累赘了。
通过它的结构,我们可以认为它是提供CoroutineContext的容器,保证CoroutineContext能在整个协程运行中传递下去,约束CoroutineContext的作用边界。
例如,在Android中使用协程来请求数据,当接口还没有请求完成时Activity就已经退出了,这时如果不停止正在运行的协程将会造成不可预期的后果。所以在Activity中我们都推荐使用lifecycleScope来启动协程,lifecycleScope可以让协程具有与Activity一样的生命周期意识。
下面是lifecycleScope源码:
val LifecycleOwner.lifecycleScope: LifecycleCoroutineScope
get() = lifecycle.coroutineScope
val Lifecycle.coroutineScope: LifecycleCoroutineScope
get() {
while (true) {
val existing = mInternalScopeRef.get() as LifecycleCoroutineScopeImpl?
if (existing != null) {
return existing
}
val newScope = LifecycleCoroutineScopeImpl(
this,
SupervisorJob() + Dispatchers.Main.immediate
)
if (mInternalScopeRef.compareAndSet(null, newScope)) {
newScope.register()
return newScope
}
}
}
它创建了一个LifecycleCoroutineScopeImpl实例,它实现了CoroutineScope接口,同时传入SupervisorJob() + Dispatchers.Main作为它的CoroutineContext。
我们再来看它的register()方法
internal class LifecycleCoroutineScopeImpl(
override val lifecycle: Lifecycle,
override val coroutineContext: CoroutineContext
) : LifecycleCoroutineScope(), LifecycleEventObserver {
init {
// in case we are initialized on a non-main thread, make a best effort check before
// we return the scope. This is not sync but if developer is launching on a non-main
// dispatcher, they cannot be 100% sure anyways.
if (lifecycle.currentState == Lifecycle.State.DESTROYED) {
coroutineContext.cancel()
}
}
fun register() {
// TODO use Main.Immediate once it is graduated out of experimental.
launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
if (lifecycle.currentState >= Lifecycle.State.INITIALIZED) {
lifecycle.addObserver(this@LifecycleCoroutineScopeImpl)
} else {
coroutineContext.cancel()
}
}
}
override fun onStateChanged(source: LifecycleOwner, event: Lifecycle.Event) {
if (lifecycle.currentState <= Lifecycle.State.DESTROYED) {
lifecycle.removeObserver(this)
coroutineContext.cancel()
}
}
在register方法中通过经典的launch来创建一个协程,而launch使用到的CoroutineContext就是CoroutineSope中的CoroutineContext。然后在协程中结合Jetpack的Lifecycle特性来监听Activiyt的生命周期。
意思就是说在Activity销毁的时候会调用下面的方法取消协程的运行。
coroutineContext.cancel()
这里就使用到了CoroutineContext,经过上篇文章的分析我们很容易知道CoroutineContext自身是没有cancel方法的,所以这个cancel方法是CoroutineContext的扩展方法。
public fun CoroutineContext.cancel(): Unit {
this[Job]?.cancel()
}
所以真正的逻辑是从CoroutineContex集合中取出Key为Job的实例,这个对应的就是上面创建LifecycleCoroutineScopeImpl实例时传入的SupervisorJob,它是CoroutineContext的其中一个子类。
这时再来看lifecycleScope相关的一些方法
lifecycleScope.launchWhenCreated { }
lifecycleScope.launchWhenStarted { }
lifecycleScope.launchWhenResumed { }
这些方法的内部逻辑就很明显了,也就是通过Lifecycle来追踪Activity的生命周期,从而约束协程运行的时机。
我们也可以不使用lifecycleScope,自己实现一个CoroutineScope,让它在Activity达到同样的效果。
class MyActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CoroutineScope {
lateinit var job: Job
override val coroutineContext: CoroutineContext
get() = Dispatchers.Main + job
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
job = Job()
}
override fun onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy()
job.cancel() // Cancel job on activity destroy. After destroy all children jobs will be cancelled automatically
}
/*
* Note how coroutine builders are scoped: if activity is destroyed or any of the launched coroutines
* in this method throws an exception, then all nested coroutines are cancelled.
*/
fun loadDataFromUI() = launch { // <- extension on current activity, launched in the main thread
val ioData = async(Dispatchers.IO) { // <- extension on launch scope, launched in IO dispatcher
// blocking I/O operation
}
// do something else concurrently with I/O
val data = ioData.await() // wait for result of I/O
draw(data) // can draw in the main thread
}
}
上面的实现也能够保证当前Activiyt中的协程在Activity销毁的时候终止协程的运行。
到这里CoroutineScope的作用就呼之欲出了,它就是用来约束协程的边界,能够很好的提供对应的协程取消功能,保证协程的运行范围。
二、分类
常见的 CoroutineScope 协程作用域 :
- GlobalScope : 该作用域是 进程级别的 , 与应用进程同级 , 即使 Activity 被销毁 , 协程任务也可以继续执行 ;
- MainScope : 该 作用域仅在 Activty 中 , 如果 Activity 被销毁 , 则 在 onDestory 生命周期函数中取消协程任务 ;
- viewModelScope : 该作用与仅在 ViewModel 中使用 , 与 ViewModel 生命周期绑定 ;
- lifecycleScope : 该作用与仅在 Activity 中使用 , 与 Activity 生命周期绑定 ;
推荐文章
Kotlin协程实现原理:CoroutineScope&Job
https://juejin.cn/post/7388399895509598260
globalScope、corountineScope和viewScope在Kotlin中的区别 - 腾讯云开发者社区 - 腾讯云
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