Swift - 文件，文件夹操作大全

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-28 03:16:05 发布

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本文详细介绍iOS开发中使用NSFileManager和NSFileHandle进行文件和文件夹的各种操作，包括遍历目录、判断文件存在、创建文件夹、复制移动文件等内容。

ios开发经常会遇到读文件，写文件等，对文件和文件夹的操作，这时就可以使用NSFileManager，NSFileHandle等类来实现。
下面总结了各种常用的操作：
1，遍历一个目录下的所有文件

// 假设用户文档(DocumentDirectory)下有如下文件和文件夹[test1.txt, fold1/test2.txt]
        let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
        let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
        let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL

        // (1)对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回指定目录路径的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
        let contentsOfPath = try?manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(url.path!)
        print("contentsOfPath：\(contentsOfPath)") //contentsOfPath：Optional([fold1, test1.txt])

        // (2)类似上面的，对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回指定目录路径的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
        let contentOfURL = try? manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions.SkipsHiddenFiles)
        print("contentOfURL：\(contentOfURL)") //contentsOfURL：Optional([file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/,file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/test1.txt])

        // (3)深入遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
        let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumeratorAtPath(url.path!)
        print("enumeratorAtPath：\(enumeratorAtPath?.allObjects)") //enumeratorAtPath：Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt])

        // (4)类似上面的，深入遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
        let enumeratorAtURL = manager.enumeratorAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions.SkipsHiddenFiles, errorHandler: nil)
        print("enumeratorAtURL：\(enumeratorAtURL?.allObjects)")
        /*
         //contentsOfURL：Optional([file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/,
         // file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/test2.txt,
         // file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/test1.txt])
         */

        // (5)深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（包括符号链接，所以要求性能的话用enumeratorAtPath）
        let subPaths = manager.subpathsAtPath(url.path!)
        print("subPaths：\(subPaths)") //subPaths：Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt])

2，判断文件或文件夹是否存在

 let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
        let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/test.txt"
        let exist = fileManager.fileExistsAtPath(filePath)
        if exist {
            print("存在")
        }else{
            print("不存在")
        }

3，创建文件夹

 // 文件管理者
        let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()

        let myDirectory:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/myFolder/Files"

        // withIntermediateDirectories为ture表示路径中间如果有不存在的文件夹都会创建
        try!fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)

4，将对象写入文件
可以通过writeToFile方法，可以创建文件并将对象写入，对象包括String，NSString，UIImage，NSArray，NSDictionary等。

//1.把String保存到文件
        let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/test.txt"
        let info = "欢迎来到"
        try!info.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)

        //2.把图片保存到文件路径下
        let imagePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/1.png"
        let image = UIImage(named: "apple.png")
        let data:NSData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image!)!
        data.writeToFile(imagePath, atomically: true)

        //3.把NSArray保存到文件路径下
        let array = NSArray(objects: "aaa","bbb","ccc")
        let filePath2:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/array.plist"
        array.writeToFile(filePath2, atomically: true)

        // 4.把NSDictionary保存到文件路径下
        let dict = NSDictionary(objects: ["111","222"],forKeys: ["aaa","bbb"])
        let filePath3:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/dict.plist"
        dict.writeToFile(filePath3, atomically: true)

5，创建文件

// 创建文件方法 
    func createFile(name:String,fileBaseUrl:NSURL){
        let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()

        let file = fileBaseUrl.URLByAppendingPathComponent(name)
        print("文件: \(file)")
        let exist = manager.fileExistsAtPath(file.path!)
        if !exist {
            let data = NSData(base64EncodedString:"aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=",options:.IgnoreUnknownCharacters)
            let createSuccess = manager.createFileAtPath(file.path!,contents:data,attributes:nil)
            print("文件创建结果: \(createSuccess)")
        }
    }

使用上面的方法：

    //在文档目录下新建test.txt文件
    let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
    let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory,
                                                   inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
    let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
    createFile("test.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)
    //createFile("folder/new.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)

6，复制文件
（1）方法1

let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/copyed.txt"
try! fileManager.copyItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL

// 将test.txt文件拷贝到文档目录根目录下的copyed.txt文件
let srcUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")

try! manager.copyItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl)

7，移动文件
（1）方法1

let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/moved"
try! fileManager.moveItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL

let srcUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 移动srcUrl中的文件（test.txt）到toUrl中（copyed.txt）
try! manager.moveItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl)

8，删除文件
（1）方法1

let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
try! fileManager.removeItemAtPath(srcUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory,
    inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL

let toUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 删除文档根目录下的toUrl路径的文件（copyed.txt文件）
try! manager.removeItemAtURL(toUrl)

9，删除目录下所有的文件
（1）方法1：获取所有文件，然后遍历删除

let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
let fileArray:[AnyObject]? = fileManager.subpathsAtPath(myDirectory)
for fn in fileArray!{
    try! fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory + "/\(fn)")
}

let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
try! fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory)
try! fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true,
    attributes: nil)

10，读取文件

let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")

//方法1
let readHandler = try! NSFileHandle(forReadingFromURL:file)
let data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile()
let readString = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
print("文件内容: \(readString)")

//方法2
let data = manager.contentsAtPath(file.path!)
let readString = NSString(data: data!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
print("文件内容: \(readString)")

11，在任意位置写入数据

let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")

let string = "添加一些文字到文件末尾"
let appendedData = string.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: true)
let writeHandler = try? NSFileHandle(forWritingToURL:file)
writeHandler!.seekToEndOfFile()
writeHandler!.writeData(appendedData!)

12，文件权限判断

let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")

let readable = manager.isReadableFileAtPath(file.path!)
print("可读: \(readable)")
let writeable = manager.isWritableFileAtPath(file.path!)
print("可写: \(writeable)")
let executable = manager.isExecutableFileAtPath(file.path!)
print("可执行: \(executable)")
let deleteable = manager.isDeletableFileAtPath(file.path!)
print("可删除: \(deleteable)")

13，获取文件属性（创建时间，修改时间，文件大小，文件类型等信息）

let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory,
    inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")

let attributes = try? manager.attributesOfItemAtPath(file.path!) //结果为AnyObject类型
print("attributes: \(attributes!)")

14，文件/文件夹比较

let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory,
    inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let contents = try! manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(docPath.path!)

//下面比较前面两个文件是否内容相同（该方法也可以用来比较目录）
let count = contents.count
if count > 1 {
    let path1 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[0] as String)
    let path2 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[1] as String)
    let equal = manager.contentsEqualAtPath(path1,andPath:path2)
    print("比较结果: \(equal)")
}