Directus部署指南：Docker、Kubernetes和云平台全解析
项目地址: https://gitcode.com/GitHub_Trending/di/directus 概述
Directus是一个开源的实时内容管理平台，用于构建可扩展的数据管理应用程序。它支持多种数据库类型、实时数据同步、自定义字段和表单，以及RESTful API。本文将全面解析Directus在不同环境下的部署方案，包括Docker容器化部署、Kubernetes集群部署以及主流云平台的部署策略。
核心部署架构
一、Docker容器化部署
1.1 基础Docker部署
Directus提供了官方的Docker镜像，支持多种数据库后端。以下是基础的Docker Compose配置：
version: '3.8'
services:
directus:
image: directus/directus:latest
ports:
- "8055:8055"
environment:
- DB_CLIENT=postgres
- DB_HOST=postgres
- DB_PORT=5432
- DB_DATABASE=directus
- DB_USER=directus
- DB_PASSWORD=directus
- ADMIN_EMAIL=admin@example.com
- ADMIN_PASSWORD=directus
depends_on:
- postgres
volumes:
- ./uploads:/directus/uploads
- ./extensions:/directus/extensions
postgres:
image: postgres:13
environment:
- POSTGRES_DB=directus
- POSTGRES_USER=directus
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=directus
volumes:
- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
volumes:
postgres_data:
1.2 多数据库支持配置
Directus支持多种数据库类型，以下是不同数据库的配置示例：
PostgreSQL配置
environment:
- DB_CLIENT=postgres
- DB_HOST=postgres
- DB_PORT=5432
- DB_DATABASE=directus
- DB_USER=directus
- DB_PASSWORD=directus
MySQL配置
environment:
- DB_CLIENT=mysql
- DB_HOST=mysql
- DB_PORT=3306
- DB_DATABASE=directus
- DB_USER=directus
- DB_PASSWORD=directus
SQLite配置（开发环境）
environment:
- DB_CLIENT=sqlite3
- DB_FILENAME=/directus/database/data.db
volumes:
- ./database:/directus/database
1.3 环境变量详解
Directus支持丰富的环境变量配置：
| 环境变量 | 默认值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
HOST | 0.0.0.0 | 服务监听地址 |
PORT | 8055 | 服务监听端口 |
DB_CLIENT | sqlite3 | 数据库客户端类型 |
DB_FILENAME | /directus/database/database.sqlite | SQLite数据库文件路径 |
DB_HOST | - | 数据库主机地址 |
DB_PORT | - | 数据库端口 |
DB_DATABASE | - | 数据库名称 |
DB_USER | - | 数据库用户名 |
DB_PASSWORD | - | 数据库密码 |
ADMIN_EMAIL | - | 管理员邮箱 |
ADMIN_PASSWORD | - | 管理员密码 |
二、Kubernetes部署方案
2.1 基础Kubernetes部署
创建Directus的Kubernetes部署配置文件：
# directus-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: directus
labels:
app: directus
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: directus
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: directus
spec:
containers:
- name: directus
image: directus/directus:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 8055
env:
- name: DB_CLIENT
value: "postgres"
- name: DB_HOST
value: "postgres-service"
- name: DB_PORT
value: "5432"
- name: DB_DATABASE
value: "directus"
- name: DB_USER
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: directus-secrets
key: db-user
- name: DB_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: directus-secrets
key: db-password
volumeMounts:
- name: uploads-volume
mountPath: /directus/uploads
- name: extensions-volume
mountPath: /directus/extensions
volumes:
- name: uploads-volume
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: directus-uploads-pvc
- name: extensions-volume
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: directus-extensions-pvc
2.2 Service配置
# directus-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: directus-service
spec:
selector:
app: directus
ports:
- port: 8055
targetPort: 8055
type: LoadBalancer
2.3 Ingress配置
# directus-ingress.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: directus-ingress
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
rules:
- host: directus.example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: directus-service
port:
number: 8055
2.4 Helm Chart部署
对于生产环境，建议使用Helm进行部署管理：
# 创建values.yaml
cat > values.yaml << EOF
replicaCount: 3
image:
repository: directus/directus
tag: latest
pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
service:
type: LoadBalancer
port: 8055
ingress:
enabled: true
hosts:
- host: directus.example.com
paths: ["/"]
env:
DB_CLIENT: "postgres"
DB_HOST: "postgres-service"
DB_PORT: "5432"
DB_DATABASE: "directus"
resources:
limits:
cpu: 1000m
memory: 512Mi
requests:
cpu: 500m
memory: 256Mi
persistence:
uploads:
enabled: true
size: 10Gi
extensions:
enabled: true
size: 1Gi
EOF
# 安装Helm chart
helm install directus ./directus-chart -f values.yaml
三、云平台部署方案
3.1 AWS部署方案
ECS Fargate部署
# task-definition.json
{
"family": "directus",
"networkMode": "awsvpc",
"requiresCompatibilities": ["FARGATE"],
"cpu": "1024",
"memory": "2048",
"executionRoleArn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/ecsTaskExecutionRole",
"containerDefinitions": [
{
"name": "directus",
"image": "directus/directus:latest",
"portMappings": [
{
"containerPort": 8055,
"protocol": "tcp"
}
],
"environment": [
{
"name": "DB_CLIENT",
"value": "postgres"
},
{
"name": "DB_HOST",
"value": "directus-db.cluster-123456789012.us-east-1.rds.amazonaws.com"
}
],
"secrets": [
{
"name": "DB_PASSWORD",
"valueFrom": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:123456789012:secret:directus/db-password"
}
],
"logConfiguration": {
"logDriver": "awslogs",
"options": {
"awslogs-group": "/ecs/directus",
"awslogs-region": "us-east-1",
"awslogs-stream-prefix": "ecs"
}
}
}
]
}
S3存储配置
environment:
- STORAGE_LOCATIONS=s3
- STORAGE_S3_DRIVER=s3
- STORAGE_S3_KEY=your-access-key
- STORAGE_S3_SECRET=your-secret-key
- STORAGE_S3_REGION=us-east-1
- STORAGE_S3_BUCKET=your-bucket-name
- STORAGE_S3_ENDPOINT=https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
3.2 Azure部署方案
Azure Container Instances
# azure-container-instance.yaml
apiVersion: 2019-12-01
location: eastus
name: directus-container
properties:
containers:
- name: directus
properties:
image: directus/directus:latest
resources:
requests:
cpu: 1.0
memoryInGb: 1.5
ports:
- port: 8055
protocol: TCP
environmentVariables:
- name: DB_CLIENT
value: "postgres"
- name: DB_HOST
value: "directus-postgres.database.azure.com"
osType: Linux
ipAddress:
type: Public
ports:
- protocol: tcp
port: 8055
restartPolicy: Always
tags: null
type: Microsoft.ContainerInstance/containerGroups
Azure Blob Storage配置
environment:
- STORAGE_LOCATIONS=azure
- STORAGE_AZURE_DRIVER=azure
- STORAGE_AZURE_ACCOUNT_NAME=your-account-name
- STORAGE_AZURE_ACCOUNT_KEY=your-account-key
- STORAGE_AZURE_CONTAINER_NAME=your-container
- STORAGE_AZURE_ENDPOINT=https://your-account-name.blob.core.windows.net
3.3 Google Cloud部署方案
Google Cloud Run
# cloudrun.yaml
apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: directus
namespace: default
spec:
template:
metadata:
annotations:
autoscaling.knative.dev/maxScale: '10'
run.googleapis.com/execution-environment: 'gen2'
spec:
containerConcurrency: 80
timeoutSeconds: 300
containers:
- image: directus/directus:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 8055
env:
- name: DB_CLIENT
value: "postgres"
- name: DB_HOST
value: "/cloudsql/your-project:region:instance-name"
- name: DB_SOCKET_PATH
value: "/cloudsql/your-project:region:instance-name"
resources:
limits:
cpu: 1000m
memory: 512Mi
requests:
cpu: 250m
memory: 256Mi
Google Cloud Storage配置
environment:
- STORAGE_LOCATIONS=gcs
- STORAGE_GCS_DRIVER=gcs
- STORAGE_GCS_KEY_FILENAME=/secrets/gcs-key.json
- STORAGE_GCS_BUCKET=your-bucket-name
四、高可用和性能优化
4.1 高可用架构
4.2 性能优化配置
数据库连接池优化
environment:
- DB_POOL_MIN=2
- DB_POOL_MAX=10
- DB_ACQUIRE_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT=60000
- DB_CREATE_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT=30000
缓存配置
environment:
- CACHE_ENABLED=true
- CACHE_STORE=redis
- CACHE_TTL=5m
- REDIS_HOST=redis-service
- REDIS_PORT=6379
文件上传优化
environment:
- TUS_ENABLED=true
- TUS_CHUNK_SIZE=8388608 # 8MB
- TUS_UPLOAD_EXPIRATION=10m
- ASSETS_TRANSFORM_MAX_CONCURRENT=25
4.3 监控和日志
Prometheus监控配置
environment:
- METRICS_ENABLED=true
- METRICS_SERVICES=database,cache,redis,storage
- METRICS_SCHEDULE=*/1 * * * *
结构化日志
environment:
- LOG_LEVEL=info
- LOG_FORMAT=json
- LOG_REQ_HEADERS=true
- LOG_REQ_BODY=false
五、安全最佳实践
5.1 网络安全配置
environment:
- CORS_ENABLED=true
- CORS_ORIGIN=https://your-domain.com
- CORS_CREDENTIALS=true
- RATE_LIMITER_ENABLED=true
- RATE_LIMITER_POINTS=100
- RATE_LIMITER_DURATION=60
5.2 数据库安全
environment:
- DB_SSL=true
- DB_SSL_REJECT_UNAUTHORIZED=true
- DB_SSL_CA_FILE=/ssl/ca-certificate.crt
5.3 密钥管理
# 使用Kubernetes Secrets或云平台密钥管理服务
env:
- name: DB_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: directus-secrets
key: db-password
- name: JWT_SECRET
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: directus-secrets
key: jwt-secret
六、故障排除和运维
6.1 健康检查配置
# Kubernetes健康检查
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /server/health
port: 8055
initialDelaySeconds: 30
periodSeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 5
failureThreshold: 3
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /server/health
port: 8055
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 3
failureThreshold: 1
6.2 备份和恢复策略
数据库备份
# PostgreSQL备份
pg_dump -h db-host -U db-user -d db-name > backup.sql
# 使用cron定时备份
0 2 * * * pg_dump -h db-host -U db-user -d db-name | gzip > /backups/directus-$(date +%Y%m%d).sql.gz
文件备份
# 使用rsync同步上传文件
rsync -avz /directus/uploads/ backup-server:/backups/directus-uploads/
6.3 常见问题解决
| 问题 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|
| 数据库连接失败 | 检查数据库服务状态和网络连通性 |
| 文件上传失败 | 验证存储配置和权限设置 |
| 性能瓶颈 | 调整连接池大小，启用缓存 |
| 内存溢出 | 增加容器内存限制，优化查询 |
总结
Directus提供了灵活的部署选项，从简单的Docker容器到复杂的Kubernetes集群，再到各大云平台的托管服务。选择合适的部署方案需要考虑团队的技术栈、业务规模、性能要求和运维能力。
关键部署建议：
- 开发环境：使用Docker Compose快速搭建
- 中小型生产：Kubernetes部署提供良好的扩展性
- 大型企业：结合云平台托管服务实现高可用
- 性能关键：合理配置缓存、连接池和资源限制
- 安全要求高：使用密钥管理服务，配置网络隔离
创作声明：本文部分内容由AI辅助生成（AIGC），仅供参考
