Modular Monolith DDD持续部署：GitLab CI/CD流水线设计

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Modular Monolith DDD持续部署：GitLab CI/CD流水线设计

【免费下载链接】modular-monolith-with-ddd Full Modular Monolith application with Domain-Driven Design approach. 【免费下载链接】modular-monolith-with-ddd 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/GitHub_Trending/mo/modular-monolith-with-ddd

引言：从"部署噩梦"到"一键发布"的蜕变

你是否正面临这些模块化单体应用的部署痛点？发布周期长达数天、手动操作导致频繁失误、测试环境与生产环境配置不一致？本文将基于Domain-Driven Design (DDD)模块化单体项目，提供一套完整的GitLab CI/CD流水线解决方案，帮助团队实现从代码提交到生产部署的全自动化流程。

读完本文你将获得：

  • 模块化单体应用的CI/CD最佳实践
  • 基于GitLab Runner的多阶段流水线配置
  • DDD架构下的数据库迁移自动化方案
  • 容器化部署与环境隔离策略
  • 集成测试与质量门禁实现

一、流水线架构概览

1.1 核心设计原则

针对DDD模块化单体应用的特点，我们的CI/CD流水线遵循以下原则：

原则具体实现收益
阶段隔离划分为build/test/deploy三大阶段故障定位精准，资源利用高效
环境一致性全流程使用Docker容器消除"在我电脑上能运行"问题
质量内建自动化测试覆盖率门禁提前发现模块间集成问题
增量部署基于变更检测的选择性构建缩短构建时间，提升部署频率

1.2 流水线流程图

mermaid

二、构建阶段：模块化应用的编译策略

2.1 多模块构建优化

针对项目中的Administration/Meetings/Payments/UserAccess四大业务模块，采用选择性构建策略：

build:
  stage: build
  image: mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0
  script:
    - |
      # 检测变更模块
      CHANGED_MODULES=$(git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD | grep '^src/Modules/' | cut -d'/' -f3 | uniq)
      if [ -z "$CHANGED_MODULES" ]; then
        echo "No module changes detected, building all modules"
        dotnet build src/ --configuration Release
      else
        echo "Building changed modules: $CHANGED_MODULES"
        for module in $CHANGED_MODULES; do
          dotnet build src/Modules/$module/ --configuration Release
        done
        dotnet build src/API/ --configuration Release  # API层依赖所有业务模块
      fi
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - src/**/bin/Release/
      - src/**/obj/Release/

2.2 Docker镜像构建

基于项目已有的Dockerfile，优化构建流程：

docker-build:
  stage: build
  image: docker:latest
  services:
    - docker:dind
  script:
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
    - docker build -t $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA -t $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:latest -f src/Dockerfile .
    - docker push $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
    - docker push $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:latest
  dependencies:
    - build

三、测试阶段：DDD应用的质量防线

3.1 测试金字塔实现

根据项目runIntegrationTests.cmd脚本分析，设计完整测试策略：

unit-test:
  stage: test
  image: mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0
  script:
    - dotnet test src/Modules/Administration/Tests/UnitTests/
    - dotnet test src/Modules/Meetings/Tests/UnitTests/
    - dotnet test src/Modules/Payments/Tests/UnitTests/
    - dotnet test src/Modules/UserAccess/Tests/UnitTests/
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit: src/**/TestResults/**/*.trx

integration-test:
  stage: test
  image: mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0
  services:
    - name: mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2017-latest-ubuntu
      alias: mssql
      command: ["-e", "ACCEPT_EULA=Y", "-e", "SA_PASSWORD=61cD4gE6!"]
  variables:
    ASPNETCORE_MyMeetings_IntegrationTests_ConnectionString: "Server=mssql,1433;Database=MyMeetings;User=sa;Password=61cD4gE6!"
  script:
    - dotnet build src/Database/DatabaseMigrator/
    - dotnet run --project src/Database/DatabaseMigrator/ $ASPNETCORE_MyMeetings_IntegrationTests_ConnectionString
    - dotnet test src/Tests/IntegrationTests/

3.2 质量门禁配置

code-quality:
  stage: test
  image: sonarsource/sonar-scanner-cli
  variables:
    SONAR_HOST_URL: $SONAR_URL
    SONAR_TOKEN: $SONAR_TOKEN
  script:
    - sonar-scanner -Dsonar.projectKey=$CI_PROJECT_NAME -Dsonar.sources=. -Dsonar.exclusions=**/bin/**,**/obj/**
  allow_failure: true
  artifacts:
    when: always
    paths:
      - sonar-report.json

四、部署阶段：环境一致性保障

4.1 多环境配置管理

基于appsettings.json设计环境变量注入策略：

deploy-dev:
  stage: deploy
  image: bitnami/kubectl:latest
  script:
    - |
      envsubst < k8s/deployment.yaml | kubectl apply -f -
      kubectl set env deployment/my-meetings \
        -e ConnectionStrings__MeetingsConnectionString=$DEV_DB_CONNECTION \
        -e Security__TextEncryptionKey=$DEV_ENCRYPTION_KEY \
        -e EmailsConfiguration__FromEmail=$DEV_FROM_EMAIL
    - kubectl rollout status deployment/my-meetings
  environment:
    name: development
    url: https://dev.mymeetings.com

4.2 数据库迁移自动化

database-migrate:
  stage: deploy
  image: mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0
  script:
    - dotnet run --project src/Database/DatabaseMigrator/ $TARGET_DB_CONNECTION
  before_script:
    - echo "Backup database before migration"
    - dotnet tool install -g dotnet-ef
    - dotnet ef database update --project src/Database/CompanyName.MyMeetings.Database/ --connection $TARGET_DB_CONNECTION --script > migration_backup_$CI_PIPELINE_ID.sql
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - migration_backup_$CI_PIPELINE_ID.sql

五、完整流水线配置

stages:
  - build
  - test
  - deploy

variables:
  DOTNET_CLI_TELEMETRY_OPTOUT: "1"
  NUGET_PACKAGES: "$CI_PROJECT_DIR/.nuget/packages"

cache:
  paths:
    - .nuget/packages/
    - node_modules/

# 构建阶段作业
build:
  stage: build
  # 构建作业配置...

docker-build:
  stage: build
  # Docker构建配置...

# 测试阶段作业
unit-test:
  stage: test
  # 单元测试配置...

integration-test:
  stage: test
  # 集成测试配置...

code-quality:
  stage: test
  # 代码质量检查配置...

# 部署阶段作业
database-migrate:
  stage: deploy
  # 数据库迁移配置...

deploy-dev:
  stage: deploy
  # 开发环境部署配置...

deploy-prod:
  stage: deploy
  when: manual
  # 生产环境部署配置...

六、流水线优化与最佳实践

6.1 常见问题解决方案

问题解决方案实施代码
构建时间过长启用Docker层缓存docker build --cache-from $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:cache
测试环境不稳定实现测试数据隔离dotnet test --filter "Category!=Integration"
部署回滚困难版本化部署配置kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment_v$CI_PIPELINE_ID.yaml
敏感信息泄露使用GitLab变量$SECRET_VARIABLE而非明文

6.2 性能优化指标

通过实施上述流水线，可实现以下改进：

mermaid

七、总结与展望

本文详细介绍了基于GitLab CI/CD的DDD模块化单体应用部署方案，通过多阶段流水线设计、容器化构建、自动化测试和环境一致性保障，解决了传统部署流程中的效率低下和质量风险问题。特别针对DDD架构特点，优化了模块构建策略和数据库迁移流程，确保领域模型变更能够安全高效地交付到生产环境。

随着项目规模增长，建议进一步探索：

  • 基于GitOps的声明式部署
  • 混沌工程在CI/CD中的应用
  • 模块独立部署的演进路径

点赞+收藏本文，关注作者获取更多DDD架构与DevOps实践干货！下期预告：《Modular Monolith到微服务的平滑迁移策略》

附录：关键配置文件模板

Dockerfile优化版

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:8.0 AS base
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 80
ENV ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0 AS build
WORKDIR /src
COPY ["Directory.Packages.props", "."]
COPY ["src/API/CompanyName.MyMeetings.API/CompanyName.MyMeetings.API.csproj", "src/API/CompanyName.MyMeetings.API/"]
# 仅复制变更的模块项目文件
COPY ["src/Modules/*/Application/*.csproj", "src/Modules/"]
RUN dotnet restore "src/API/CompanyName.MyMeetings.API/CompanyName.MyMeetings.API.csproj"
COPY . .
WORKDIR "/src/src/API/CompanyName.MyMeetings.API"
RUN dotnet build -c Release -o /app/build

FROM build AS publish
RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o /app/publish

FROM base AS final
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=publish /app/publish .
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD wget -qO- http://localhost/health || exit 1
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "CompanyName.MyMeetings.API.dll"]

环境变量配置模板

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "MeetingsConnectionString": "${DB_CONNECTION_STRING}"
  },
  "Security": {
    "TextEncryptionKey": "${ENCRYPTION_KEY}"
  },
  "EmailsConfiguration": {
    "FromEmail": "${FROM_EMAIL}"
  },
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
    }
  }
}

【免费下载链接】modular-monolith-with-ddd Full Modular Monolith application with Domain-Driven Design approach. 【免费下载链接】modular-monolith-with-ddd 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/GitHub_Trending/mo/modular-monolith-with-ddd

创作声明：本文部分内容由AI辅助生成（AIGC），仅供参考

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