突破地域限制：Xiaomi Home Integration多区域部署自动化脚本
项目地址: https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/ha/ha_xiaomi_home 痛点解析：多区域智能家居管理的挑战
你是否曾因以下问题困扰：
- 海外房产的小米设备无法接入国内Home Assistant实例
- 多区域设备管理需要重复配置多个Home Assistant实例
- 区域网络隔离导致设备响应延迟或控制失败
- 手动切换账号/服务器配置易出错且效率低下
本文将提供一套完整的自动化解决方案，通过脚本化部署实现：
- 多区域小米账号同时在线
- 设备按区域自动分组管理
- 云端/本地控制智能切换
- 配置变更自动同步与备份
技术架构：跨区域部署方案设计
多区域部署架构图
核心技术组件
| 组件 | 作用 | 技术实现 |
|---|---|---|
| 区域客户端 | 本地设备通信与控制 | Python + MIoT协议 |
| 加密隧道 | 跨区域安全通信 | SSH反向隧道 |
| 配置管理 | 多区域参数统一管理 | YAML + Jinja2模板 |
| 状态同步 | 设备状态跨区域同步 | MQTT主题分区 |
| 故障转移 | 控制链路自动切换 | 心跳检测 + 权重路由 |
自动化脚本实现：从单区域到多区域
环境准备与依赖检查
创建部署前检查脚本 check_environment.sh：
#!/bin/bash
set -e
# 检查系统依赖
REQUIRED_COMMANDS=("docker" "docker-compose" "ssh" "python3" "jq" "curl")
for cmd in "${REQUIRED_COMMANDS[@]}"; do
if ! command -v $cmd &> /dev/null; then
echo "错误: 未找到必要命令 $cmd"
exit 1
fi
done
# 检查Home Assistant版本兼容性
HA_VERSION=$(curl -s http://localhost:8123/api/config | jq -r '.version')
if [[ -z "$HA_VERSION" || "$(printf "$HA_VERSION\n2024.4.4" | sort -V | head -n1)" != "2024.4.4" ]]; then
echo "错误: Home Assistant版本需 >= 2024.4.4"
exit 1
fi
# 检查Python库依赖
REQUIRED_PYTHON_LIBS=("paho-mqtt" "pyyaml" "cryptography" "requests")
for lib in "${REQUIRED_PYTHON_LIBS[@]}"; do
if ! python3 -c "import $lib" &> /dev/null; then
echo "安装Python依赖: $lib"
pip3 install $lib
fi
done
echo "环境检查通过"
exit 0
多区域配置文件设计
创建主配置文件 regions_config.yaml：
# 全局配置
global:
mqtt_broker: "localhost"
mqtt_port: 1883
mqtt_username: "mqtt_user"
mqtt_password: "secure_password"
sync_interval: 5 # 状态同步间隔(秒)
log_level: "INFO"
# 区域配置
regions:
china:
name: "中国区"
enabled: true
server: "https://api.io.mi.com"
username: "china_account@example.com"
password: "encrypted_password"
devices_filter:
include: ["living_room_*", "bedroom_*"]
exclude: ["camera_*"]
local_control: true
mqtt_topic_prefix: "region/china"
tunnel:
type: "ssh"
remote_host: "china_remote.example.com"
remote_port: 22
local_port: 2883
keep_alive: 30
europe:
name: "欧洲区"
enabled: true
server: "https://api.io.mi-eu.com"
username: "europe_account@example.com"
password: "encrypted_password"
devices_filter:
include: ["office_*"]
exclude: []
local_control: false
mqtt_topic_prefix: "region/europe"
tunnel:
type: "ssh"
remote_host: "europe_remote.example.com"
remote_port: 22
local_port: 3883
keep_alive: 30
核心部署脚本实现
创建主部署脚本 deploy_multi_region.sh：
#!/bin/bash
set -e
# 加载配置与工具函数
SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" &>/dev/null && pwd)
source "$SCRIPT_DIR/config_loader.sh"
source "$SCRIPT_DIR/encryption_utils.sh"
source "$SCRIPT_DIR/tunnel_manager.sh"
source "$SCRIPT_DIR/device_manager.sh"
# 初始化流程
init() {
log_info "===== 多区域部署初始化 ====="
# 1. 检查环境
"$SCRIPT_DIR/check_environment.sh"
# 2. 加载配置
load_config "$SCRIPT_DIR/regions_config.yaml"
# 3. 初始化加密密钥
init_encryption_keys
# 4. 启动MQTT代理
start_mqtt_broker
# 5. 部署区域客户端
for region in "${ENABLED_REGIONS[@]}"; do
deploy_region_client "$region"
done
# 6. 建立加密隧道
for region in "${ENABLED_REGIONS[@]}"; do
start_tunnel "$region"
done
# 7. 配置Home Assistant集成
configure_ha_integration
log_info "===== 多区域部署完成 ====="
}
# 状态检查与监控
monitor() {
log_info "===== 多区域状态监控 ====="
# 检查隧道状态
for region in "${ENABLED_REGIONS[@]}"; do
check_tunnel_status "$region"
done
# 检查客户端状态
for region in "${ENABLED_REGIONS[@]}"; do
check_client_status "$region"
done
# 检查设备连接状态
check_device_connections
# 生成状态报告
generate_status_report
}
# 配置更新
update() {
log_info "===== 配置更新 ====="
# 备份当前配置
backup_config
# 重新加载配置
load_config "$SCRIPT_DIR/regions_config.yaml"
# 更新区域客户端配置
for region in "${ENABLED_REGIONS[@]}"; do
update_region_config "$region"
done
# 重启受影响服务
restart_affected_services
log_info "===== 配置更新完成 ====="
}
# 命令行参数处理
case "$1" in
init)
init
;;
start)
for region in "${ENABLED_REGIONS[@]}"; do
start_tunnel "$region"
start_region_client "$region"
done
;;
stop)
for region in "${ENABLED_REGIONS[@]}"; do
stop_region_client "$region"
stop_tunnel "$region"
done
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
monitor)
monitor
;;
update)
update
;;
*)
echo "用法: $0 {init|start|stop|restart|monitor|update}"
exit 1
;;
esac
区域客户端Python实现
创建区域客户端脚本 region_client.py：
import os
import sys
import yaml
import json
import time
import logging
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import asyncio
from miot_client import MIoTClient
from miot_lan import MIoTLan
from encryption_utils import decrypt_data
from config_loader import load_region_config
# 配置日志
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'
)
logger = logging.getLogger('region_client')
class RegionClient:
def __init__(self, region_name):
self.region_name = region_name
self.config = load_region_config(region_name)
self.miot_client = None
self.miot_lan = None
self.mqtt_client = None
self.device_states = {}
self.connected = False
self.loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
async def init(self):
"""初始化区域客户端"""
logger.info(f"初始化区域客户端: {self.region_name}")
# 解密账号密码
decrypted_password = decrypt_data(
self.config['password'],
os.environ.get('ENCRYPTION_KEY')
)
# 初始化MIoT客户端
self.miot_client = MIoTClient(
cloud_server=self.config['server'],
username=self.config['username'],
password=decrypted_password
)
await self.miot_client.init_async()
# 初始化本地控制(如启用)
if self.config['local_control']:
self.miot_lan = MIoTLan(
net_ifs=['eth0', 'wlan0'],
enable_subscribe=True
)
await self.miot_lan.init_async()
# 初始化MQTT客户端
self.mqtt_client = mqtt.Client(f"region_{self.region_name}_client")
self.mqtt_client.username_pw_set(
self.config['global']['mqtt_username'],
self.config['global']['mqtt_password']
)
self.mqtt_client.on_connect = self._on_mqtt_connect
self.mqtt_client.on_message = self._on_mqtt_message
self.mqtt_client.connect(
self.config['global']['mqtt_broker'],
self.config['tunnel']['local_port'],
60
)
self.mqtt_client.loop_start()
# 加载设备列表
await self._load_devices()
self.connected = True
logger.info(f"区域客户端初始化完成: {self.region_name}")
async def _load_devices(self):
"""加载并筛选区域设备"""
logger.info(f"加载区域设备: {self.region_name}")
# 获取设备列表
devices = await self.miot_client.get_devices_async()
# 应用设备筛选规则
include_patterns = self.config['devices_filter']['include']
exclude_patterns = self.config['devices_filter']['exclude']
filtered_devices = {}
for did, device_info in devices.items():
device_name = device_info.get('name', '')
# 检查包含规则
include = False
for pattern in include_patterns:
if pattern.endswith('*') and device_name.startswith(pattern[:-1]):
include = True
break
elif device_name == pattern:
include = True
break
# 检查排除规则
exclude = False
for pattern in exclude_patterns:
if pattern.endswith('*') and device_name.startswith(pattern[:-1]):
exclude = True
break
elif device_name == pattern:
exclude = True
break
if include and not exclude:
filtered_devices[did] = device_info
# 订阅设备状态更新
await self._subscribe_device(did, device_info)
logger.info(f"区域设备加载完成: {self.region_name}, 共 {len(filtered_devices)} 台设备")
return filtered_devices
async def _subscribe_device(self, did, device_info):
"""订阅设备状态更新"""
# 订阅属性更新
self.miot_client.sub_prop(
did,
self._on_property_changed,
handler_ctx=device_info
)
# 订阅事件
self.miot_client.sub_event(
did,
self._on_event_occurred,
handler_ctx=device_info
)
# 如果启用本地控制，订阅LAN状态
if self.config['local_control'] and self.miot_lan:
self.miot_lan.sub_device_state(
did,
self._on_lan_device_state_changed,
handler_ctx=device_info
)
def _on_property_changed(self, params, ctx):
"""处理属性变化事件"""
device_info = ctx
did = params.get('did')
siid = params.get('siid')
piid = params.get('piid')
value = params.get('value')
if not all([did, siid, piid]):
return
# 构建MQTT主题
topic = f"{self.config['mqtt_topic_prefix']}/device/{did}/property/{siid}/{piid}"
# 发布状态更新
payload = {
"device_name": device_info.get('name'),
"timestamp": time.time(),
"value": value,
"siid": siid,
"piid": piid
}
self.mqtt_client.publish(topic, json.dumps(payload), qos=1)
logger.debug(f"属性更新发布: {topic} = {value}")
def _on_event_occurred(self, params, ctx):
"""处理事件发生"""
device_info = ctx
did = params.get('did')
siid = params.get('siid')
eiid = params.get('eiid')
arguments = params.get('arguments', {})
# 构建MQTT主题
topic = f"{self.config['mqtt_topic_prefix']}/device/{did}/event/{siid}/{eiid}"
# 发布事件
payload = {
"device_name": device_info.get('name'),
"timestamp": time.time(),
"arguments": arguments,
"siid": siid,
"eiid": eiid
}
self.mqtt_client.publish(topic, json.dumps(payload), qos=1)
logger.debug(f"事件发布: {topic} = {arguments}")
def _on_lan_device_state_changed(self, did, state, ctx):
"""处理LAN设备状态变化"""
device_info = ctx
# 构建MQTT主题
topic = f"{self.config['mqtt_topic_prefix']}/device/{did}/lan_state"
# 发布LAN状态
payload = {
"device_name": device_info.get('name'),
"timestamp": time.time(),
"state": state,
"local_control": self.config['local_control']
}
self.mqtt_client.publish(topic, json.dumps(payload), qos=1)
logger.debug(f"LAN状态更新: {topic} = {state}")
def _on_mqtt_connect(self, client, userdata, flags, rc):
"""MQTT连接回调"""
if rc == 0:
logger.info(f"MQTT连接成功: {self.region_name}")
# 订阅控制命令主题
control_topic = f"{self.config['mqtt_topic_prefix']}/device/+/control/#"
client.subscribe(control_topic)
logger.info(f"订阅控制命令主题: {control_topic}")
else:
logger.error(f"MQTT连接失败，错误代码: {rc}")
def _on_mqtt_message(self, client, userdata, msg):
"""处理MQTT消息(控制命令)"""
logger.debug(f"收到控制命令: {msg.topic} = {msg.payload}")
# 解析主题
topic_parts = msg.topic.split('/')
if len(topic_parts) < 6 or topic_parts[3] != 'device' or topic_parts[5] != 'control':
logger.warning(f"无效控制主题格式: {msg.topic}")
return
region = topic_parts[1]
did = topic_parts[4]
command_type = topic_parts[6]
# 确保消息属于当前区域
if region != self.config['mqtt_topic_prefix'].split('/')[1]:
return
# 解析命令 payload
try:
payload = json.loads(msg.payload)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
logger.error(f"无效JSON payload: {msg.payload}")
return
# 处理不同类型命令
if command_type == 'property':
siid = payload.get('siid')
piid = payload.get('piid')
value = payload.get('value')
if all([siid, piid, value is not None]):
asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
self.miot_client.set_prop_async(did, siid, piid, value),
self.loop
)
elif command_type == 'action':
siid = payload.get('siid')
aiid = payload.get('aiid')
in_list = payload.get('in_list', [])
if all([siid, aiid]):
asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
self.miot_client.action_async(did, siid, aiid, in_list),
self.loop
)
async def run(self):
"""运行客户端主循环"""
try:
while self.connected:
await asyncio.sleep(self.config['global']['sync_interval'])
except asyncio.CancelledError:
logger.info(f"区域客户端被取消: {self.region_name}")
finally:
await self.cleanup()
async def cleanup(self):
"""清理资源"""
logger.info(f"清理区域客户端资源: {self.region_name}")
if self.miot_lan:
await self.miot_lan.deinit_async()
if self.miot_client:
await self.miot_client.deinit_async()
if self.mqtt_client:
self.mqtt_client.loop_stop()
self.mqtt_client.disconnect()
self.connected = False
if __name__ == "__main__":
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
print(f"用法: {sys.argv[0]} <区域名称>")
sys.exit(1)
region_name = sys.argv[1]
# 加载区域配置
client = RegionClient(region_name)
# 运行客户端
try:
client.loop.run_until_complete(client.init())
client.loop.run_until_complete(client.run())
except KeyboardInterrupt:
logger.info("收到中断信号，正在退出...")
client.loop.run_until_complete(client.cleanup())
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"客户端运行出错: {str(e)}", exc_info=True)
client.loop.run_until_complete(client.cleanup())
配置与使用指南
安装步骤
- 准备环境
# 克隆仓库
git clone https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/ha/ha_xiaomi_home
cd ha_xiaomi_home
# 运行环境检查脚本
chmod +x scripts/check_environment.sh
./scripts/check_environment.sh
# 安装依赖
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
- 配置多区域参数
# 复制配置模板并编辑
cp scripts/regions_config.example.yaml scripts/regions_config.yaml
nano scripts/regions_config.yaml
# 加密敏感信息
chmod +x scripts/encrypt_config.sh
./scripts/encrypt_config.sh scripts/regions_config.yaml
- 初始化部署
# 运行部署脚本
chmod +x scripts/deploy_multi_region.sh
./scripts/deploy_multi_region.sh init
Home Assistant集成配置
在 configuration.yaml 中添加以下配置：
# 多区域小米设备集成
xiaomi_home_multi:
mqtt_broker: "localhost"
mqtt_port: 1883
mqtt_username: "mqtt_user"
mqtt_password: "secure_password"
regions:
- name: "china"
topic_prefix: "region/china"
friendly_name: "中国区设备"
- name: "europe"
topic_prefix: "region/europe"
friendly_name: "欧洲区设备"
device_groups:
- name: "所有灯光"
entity_pattern: "light.*"
- name: "所有温控设备"
entity_pattern: "climate.*"
自动化场景示例
创建跨区域联动自动化 multi_region_automation.yaml：
alias: "多区域离家模式"
trigger:
- platform: state
entity_id: person.family_member
to: "not_home"
for:
minutes: 5
action:
- service: homeassistant.turn_off
target:
entity_id:
- group.china_lights
- group.europe_lights
- service: climate.set_temperature
data:
temperature: 18
target:
entity_id:
- climate.china_living_room
- climate.europe_office
- service: switch.turn_off
target:
entity_id:
- switch.china_tv
- switch.europe_computer
mode: single
故障排查与优化
常见问题解决
| 问题 | 排查步骤 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|---|
| 区域客户端连接失败 | 1. 检查隧道状态 2. 验证小米账号 3. 测试服务器连通性 | 1. 重启SSH隧道 2. 重新登录小米账号 3. 检查防火墙规则 |
| 设备状态不同步 | 1. 检查MQTT主题订阅 2. 查看客户端日志 3. 验证设备在线状态 | 1. 重新订阅MQTT主题 2. 调整同步间隔 3. 重启问题设备 |
| 控制命令延迟 | 1. 测量网络延迟 2. 检查本地控制状态 3. 查看隧道负载 | 1. 优化网络路由 2. 启用本地控制 3. 增加隧道带宽 |
性能优化建议
-
网络优化
- 为跨区域隧道配置QoS保障
- 启用MQTT消息压缩
- 优化DNS解析缓存
-
资源占用优化
- 根据设备数量调整同步间隔
- 实现增量状态更新机制
- 配置客户端自动扩缩容
-
可靠性增强
- 实现隧道自动重连机制
- 添加控制命令重试逻辑
- 部署多区域监控告警
高级功能扩展
配置同步与备份
创建配置同步脚本 sync_config.sh：
#!/bin/bash
set -e
# 配置备份与同步脚本
SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" &>/dev/null && pwd)
CONFIG_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/configs"
BACKUP_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/backups"
REMOTE_STORAGE="s3://ha-xiaomi-configs"
# 创建备份目录
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
# 生成备份文件名
TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
BACKUP_FILE="config_backup_$TIMESTAMP.tar.gz"
# 创建备份
tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/$BACKUP_FILE" -C "$CONFIG_DIR" .
# 保留最近10个备份
ls -tp "$BACKUP_DIR" | grep -v '/$' | tail -n +11 | xargs -I {} rm -- "$BACKUP_DIR/{}"
# 同步到远程存储
if command -v aws &> /dev/null; then
aws s3 cp "$BACKUP_DIR/$BACKUP_FILE" "$REMOTE_STORAGE/backups/"
fi
echo "配置备份完成: $BACKUP_FILE"
监控面板实现
创建Prometheus监控配置 prometheus.yml：
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'xiaomi_multi_region'
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9273']
- job_name: 'mqtt_broker'
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9256']
- job_name: 'region_clients'
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9274', 'localhost:9275']
部署清单与最佳实践
部署前检查清单
- Home Assistant版本 >= 2024.4.4
- Python版本 >= 3.9
- Docker与Docker Compose已安装
- 所有区域网络连通性验证
- 小米账号权限与区域设置正确
- 加密密钥已安全存储
- SSH隧道配置测试通过
运维最佳实践
-
安全措施
- 所有跨区域通信使用加密隧道
- 定期轮换访问凭证与加密密钥
- 实施最小权限原则配置账号
- 启用审计日志记录关键操作
-
灾备策略
- 定期备份配置与设备状态
- 实现关键服务自动故障转移
- 维护多区域控制链路冗余
- 制定详细恢复操作手册
-
性能调优
- 根据设备规模调整客户端资源
- 优化MQTT消息路由与过滤
- 实施设备状态缓存机制
- 定期清理历史数据与日志
总结与未来扩展
本文提供的多区域部署方案通过脚本化方式解决了小米智能家居设备跨区域管理的核心痛点，实现了：
- 多区域小米账号统一管理
- 设备按区域自动分组与隔离
- 云端/本地控制智能切换
- 配置变更自动化同步
- 跨区域设备状态统一监控
未来可扩展方向：
- 基于AI的跨区域场景联动推荐
- 设备控制权限精细化管理
- 多区域流量负载均衡
- 边缘计算节点部署支持
- 区块链技术实现配置一致性
通过这套方案，用户可以轻松构建跨地域的智能家居控制网络，实现全球范围内小米设备的统一管理与自动化控制。
创作声明：本文部分内容由AI辅助生成（AIGC），仅供参考
