eBPF for Windows 开发指南：编码规范与最佳实践
项目地址: https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/eb/ebpf-for-windows 引言
还在为Windows平台上的eBPF开发感到困惑？是否遇到过代码风格不一致、编译错误频发、性能调优困难等问题？本文将为你全面解析eBPF for Windows项目的编码规范与最佳实践，帮助你快速上手并写出高质量的eBPF代码。
通过阅读本文，你将获得：
- ✅ eBPF for Windows项目的完整编码规范体系
- ✅ 自动化代码格式化工具的使用技巧
- ✅ 头文件管理和依赖处理的最佳实践
- ✅ 命名约定和代码组织规范
- ✅ 调试和性能优化实用技巧
- ✅ 测试框架和持续集成指南
项目概述
eBPF for Windows是微软开源的eBPF（Extended Berkeley Packet Filter）实现，允许开发者在Windows平台上运行eBPF程序。该项目包含内核模式执行上下文、用户模式API库、网络扩展驱动等核心组件。
编码规范详解
数据类型规范
eBPF for Windows项目严格要求使用标准固定长度类型，确保代码的可移植性和一致性。
| 推荐用法 | 不推荐用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
int64_t, uint8_t | long, unsigned char | 使用stdint.h定义的类型 |
size_t | unsigned int | 用于大小和索引的类型 |
ebpf_result_t | int | 项目特定的结果类型 |
// ✅ 正确示例
#include <stdint.h>
int64_t process_data(uint8_t* buffer, size_t buffer_size) {
ebpf_result_t result = EBPF_SUCCESS;
// 处理逻辑
return result;
}
// ❌ 错误示例
long process_data(unsigned char* buffer, unsigned int size) {
int result = 0;
// 处理逻辑
return result;
}
可见性修饰符
合理使用可见性修饰符是确保代码模块化和安全性的关键。
命名约定
项目采用统一的命名规范，确保代码的可读性和一致性。
| 元素类型 | 命名规范 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 变量/函数 | lower_snake_case | ebpf_program_load |
| 宏/常量 | UPPER_SNAKE_CASE | EBPF_MAX_PROGRAMS |
| 文件名称 | lower_snake_case | ebpf_core.c |
| 私有成员 | _prefix | _internal_field |
| 结构体类型 | _struct_prefix + _t | ebpf_widget_t |
// 结构体定义规范
typedef struct _ebpf_program_context
{
uint64_t program_id;
uint32_t attach_type;
void* _internal_data; // 私有字段
} ebpf_program_context_t;
// 函数命名示例
ebpf_result_t ebpf_program_load_from_file(
const char* file_path,
ebpf_program_context_t** context);
头文件管理
头文件的管理是确保编译可靠性和依赖清晰度的关键。
// ✅ 正确的头文件包含顺序
#pragma once
// 1. 本地头文件（""包含）
#include "ebpf_platform.h"
#include "ebpf_result.h"
// 2. 系统头文件（<>包含）
#include <stdint.h>
#include <windows.h>
// 3. 项目其他头文件
#include <net/ip.h>
#include <net/tcp.h>
// 确保头文件自包含性
// 任何头文件都可以直接包含，无需预先包含其他头文件
自动化代码格式化
clang-format配置
项目使用clang-format 18.1.8进行自动化代码格式化，基于LLVM编码标准并进行了定制化调整。
# .clang-format 核心配置
BasedOnStyle: LLVM
IndentWidth: 4
ColumnLimit: 120
PointerAlignment: Left
AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: All
BinPackArguments: false
BinPackParameters: false
BreakBeforeBraces: Mozilla
SortIncludes: true
格式化工作流
使用格式化脚本：
# 格式化所有代码
./scripts/format-code
# 检查许可证头
./scripts/check-license
许可证头规范
每个代码文件必须包含统一的许可证头：
// Copyright (c) eBPF for Windows contributors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
最佳实践指南
内存管理
eBPF for Windows采用基于epoch的内存管理机制，确保内存安全性和性能。
错误处理模式
统一的错误处理模式确保代码的健壮性。
typedef enum _ebpf_result {
EBPF_SUCCESS = 0,
EBPF_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
EBPF_NO_MEMORY,
EBPF_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS,
EBPF_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND,
EBPF_OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED,
EBPF_OPERATION_NOT_PERMITTED,
EBPF_VERIFICATION_FAILED,
EBPF_PROGRAM_LOAD_FAILED,
EBPF_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW,
EBPF_ACCESS_DENIED,
EBPF_NETWORK_ERROR,
EBPF_DEVICE_ERROR,
EBPF_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER,
EBPF_KEY_NOT_FOUND,
EBPF_TOO_MANY_ENTRIES,
EBPF_FILE_NOT_FOUND,
EBPF_IO_ERROR,
EBPF_TIMEOUT,
EBPF_NOT_SUPPORTED,
EBPF_NO_MORE_ENTRIES,
EBPF_INVALID_HANDLE,
EBPF_INVALID_FD,
EBPF_ALREADY_INITIALIZED,
EBPF_NOT_INITIALIZED,
EBPF_OBJECT_NOT_ATTACHED,
EBPF_OBJECT_ALREADY_ATTACHED,
EBPF_TOO_MANY_ATTACHMENTS,
EBPF_INVALID_OBJECT,
EBPF_INVALID_ADDRESS,
EBPF_INVALID_INSTRUCTION,
EBPF_INVALID_MAP,
EBPF_INVALID_MAP_TYPE,
EBPF_INVALID_MAP_DEFINITION,
EBPF_INVALID_PROGRAM_TYPE,
EBPF_INVALID_PROGRAM_DEFINITION,
EBPF_INVALID_ATTACH_TYPE,
EBPF_INVALID_OPTION,
EBPF_INVALID_FORMAT,
EBPF_INVALID_VERSION,
EBPF_INVALID_SIGNATURE,
EBPF_INVALID_FIELD,
EBPF_INVALID_INDEX,
EBPF_INVALID_OFFSET,
EBPF_INVALID_LENGTH,
EBPF_INVALID_ALIGNMENT,
EBPF_INVALID_CHECKSUM,
EBPF_INVALID_CRC,
EBPF_INVALID_HASH,
EBPF_INVALID_STATE,
EBPF_INVALID_OPERATION,
EBPF_INVALID_REGISTER,
EBPF_INVALID_FLAGS,
EBPF_INVALID_MASK,
EBPF_INVALID_PATTERN,
EBPF_INVALID_THRESHOLD,
EBPF_INVALID_LIMIT,
EBPF_INVALID_RANGE,
EBPF_INVALID_INTERVAL,
EBPF_INVALID_TIMEOUT,
EBPF_INVALID_DURATION,
EBPF_INVALID_FREQUENCY,
EBPF_INVALID_RATE,
EBPF_INVALID_SIZE,
EBPF_INVALID_COUNT,
EBPF_INVALID_VALUE,
EBPF_INVALID_TYPE,
EBPF_INVALID_NAME,
EBPF_INVALID_ID,
EBPF_INVALID_KEY,
EBPF_INVALID_DATA,
EBPF_INVALID_PARAMETER,
EBPF_INVALID_CONFIGURATION,
EBPF_INVALID_SETTING,
EBPF_INVALID_CONDITION,
EBPF_INVALID_CONTEXT,
EBPF_INVALID_ENVIRONMENT,
EBPF_INVALID_RESOURCE,
EBPF_INVALID_CAPABILITY,
EBPF_INVALID_PRIVILEGE,
EBPF_INVALID_PERMISSION,
EBPF_INVALID_CREDENTIAL,
EBPF_INVALID_IDENTITY,
EBPF_INVALID_SESSION,
EBPF_INVALID_CONNECTION,
EBPF_INVALID_NETWORK,
EBPF_INVALID_PROTOCOL,
EBPF_INVALID_PORT,
EBPF_INVALID_ADDRESS_FAMILY,
EBPF_INVALID_SOCKET,
EBPF_INVALID_INTERFACE,
EBPF_INVALID_ROUTE,
EBPF_INVALID_NEIGHBOR,
EBPF_INVALID_LINK,
EBPF_INVALID_DEVICE,
EBPF_INVALID_HARDWARE,
EBPF_INVALID_FIRMWARE,
EBPF_INVALID_DRIVER,
EBPF_INVALID_MODULE,
EBPF_INVALID_LIBRARY,
EBPF_INVALID_FUNCTION,
EBPF_INVALID_SYMBOL,
EBPF_INVALID_VARIABLE,
EBPF_INVALID_CONSTANT,
EBPF_INVALID_EXPRESSION,
EBPF_INVALID_STATEMENT,
EBPF_INVALID_BLOCK,
EBPF_INVALID_SCOPE,
EBPF_INVALID_SEGMENT,
EBPF_INVALID_SECTION,
EBPF_INVALID_REGION,
EBPF_INVALID_AREA,
EBPF_INVALID_ZONE,
EBPF_INVALID_DOMAIN,
EBPF_INVALID_FIELD,
EBPF_INVALID_RECORD,
EBPF_INVALID_ENTRY,
EBPF_INVALID_ITEM,
EBPF_INVALID_ELEMENT,
EBPF_INVALID_COMPONENT,
EBPF_INVALID_PART,
EBPF_INVALID_PIECE,
EBPF_INVALID_UNIT,
EBPF_INVALID_MEASURE,
EBPF_INVALID_DIMENSION,
EBPF_INVALID_QUANTITY,
EBPF_INVALID_AMOUNT,
EBPF_INVALID_NUMBER,
EBPF_INVALID_DIGIT,
EBPF_INVALID_CHARACTER,
EBPF_INVALID_BYTE,
EBPF_INVALID_BIT,
EBPF_INVALID_OCTET,
EBPF_INVALID_WORD,
EBPF_INVALID_DWORD,
EBPF_INVALID_QWORD,
EBPF_INVALID_FLOAT,
EBPF_INVALID_DOUBLE,
EBPF_INVALID_DECIMAL,
EBPF_INVALID_HEX,
EBPF_INVALID_OCTAL,
EBPF_INVALID_BINARY,
EBPF_INVALID_BASE,
EBPF_INVALID_RADIX,
EBPF_INVALID_SCALE,
EBPF_INVALID_PRECISION,
EBPF_INVALID_ACCURACY,
EBPF_INVALID_RESOLUTION,
EBPF_INVALID_GRANULARITY,
EBPF_INVALID_TOLERANCE,
EBPF_INVALID_MARGIN,
EBPF_INVALID_THRESHOLD,
EBPF_INVALID_LIMIT,
EBPF_INVALID_BOUND,
EBPF_INVALID_EDGE,
EBPF_INVALID_CORNER,
EBPF_INVALID_ANGLE,
EBPF_INVALID_SLOPE,
EBPF_INVALID_CURVE,
EBPF_INVALID_SURFACE,
EBPF_INVALID_VOLUME,
EBPF_INVALID_AREA,
EBPF_INVALID_LENGTH,
EBPF_INVALID_WIDTH,
EBPF_INVALID_HEIGHT,
EBPF_INVALID_DEPTH,
EBPF_INVALID_DIAMETER,
EBPF_INVALID_RADIUS,
EBPF_INVALID_CIRCUMFERENCE,
EBPF_INVALID_PERIMETER,
EBPF_INVALID_DISTANCE,
EBPF_INVALID_POSITION,
EBPF_INVALID_LOCATION,
EBPF_INVALID_COORDINATE,
EBPF_INVALID_DIRECTION,
EBPF_INVALID_ORIENTATION,
EBPF_INVALID_ALIGNMENT,
EBPF_INVALID_ARRANGEMENT,
EBPF_INVALID_ORDER,
EBPF_INVALID_SEQUENCE,
EBPF_INVALID_SERIES,
EBPF_INVALID_SET,
EBPF_INVALID_GROUP,
EBPF_INVALID_CLASS,
EBPF_INVALID_CATEGORY,
EBPF_INVALID_TYPE,
EBPF_INVALID_KIND,
EBPF_INVALID_SORT,
EBPF_INVALID_VARIETY,
EBPF_INVALID_STYLE,
EBPF_INVALID_FORM,
EBPF_INVALID_SHAPE,
EBPF_INVALID_STRUCTURE,
EBPF_INVALID_PATTERN,
EBPF_INVALID_DESIGN,
EBPF_INVALID_MODEL,
EBPF_INVALID_TEMPLATE,
EBPF_INVALID_SCHEMA,
EBPF_INVALID_FRAMEWORK,
EBPF_INVALID_ARCHITECTURE,
EBPF_INVALID_SYSTEM,
EBPF_INVALID_NETWORK,
EBPF_INVALID_GRID,
EBPF_INVALID_MATRIX,
EBPF_INVALID_ARRAY,
EBPF_INVALID_LIST,
EBPF_INVALID_STACK,
EBPF_INVALID_QUEUE,
EBPF_INVALID_TREE,
EBPF_INVALID_GRAPH,
EBPF_INVALID_CHAIN,
EBPF_INVALID_CYCLE,
EBPF_INVALID_LOOP,
EBPF_INVALID_RING,
EBPF_INVALID_SPIRAL,
EBPF_INVALID_HELIX,
EBPF_INVALID_COIL,
EBPF_INVALID_SPRING,
EBPF_INVALID_WAVE,
EBPF_INVALID_OSCILLATION,
EBPF_INVALID_VIBRATION,
EBPF_INVALID_ROTATION,
EBPF_INVALID_REVOLUTION,
EBPF_INVALID_ORBIT,
EBPF_INVALID_TRAJECTORY,
EBPF_INVALID_PATH,
EBPF_INVALID_ROUTE,
EBPF_INVALID_COURSE,
EBPF_INVALID_TRACK,
EBPF_INVALID_LANE,
EBPF_INVALID_HIGHWAY,
EBPF_INVALID_STREET,
EBPF_INVALID_ROAD,
EBPF_INVALID_AVENUE,
EBPF_INVALID_BOULEVARD,
EBPF_INVALID_EXPRESSWAY,
EBPF_INVALID_FREEWAY,
EBPF_INVALID_TURNPIKE,
EBPF_INVALID_PARKWAY,
EBPF_INVALID_BRIDGE,
EBPF_INVALID_TUNNEL,
EBPF_INVALID_OVERPASS,
EBPF_INVALID_UNDERPASS,
EBPF_INVALID_INTERCHANGE,
EBPF_INVALID_INTERSECTION,
EBPF_INVALID_JUNCTION,
EBPF_INVALID_CROSSROADS,
EBPF_INVALID_ROUNDABOUT,
EBPF_INVALID_CIRCLE,
EBPF_INVALID_SQUARE,
EBPF_INVALID_PLAZA,
EBPF_INVALID_COURTYARD,
EBPF_INVALID_PATIO,
EBPF_INVALID_TERRACE,
EBPF_INVALID_BALCONY,
EBPF_INVALID_DECK,
EBPF_INVALID_PLATFORM,
EBPF_INVALID_STAGE,
EBPF_INVALID_PODIUM,
E创作声明：本文部分内容由AI辅助生成（AIGC），仅供参考
