Weaviate集群部署：高可用架构搭建指南
项目地址: https://gitcode.com/GitHub_Trending/we/weaviate 概述
Weaviate是一个开源的向量数据库（Vector Database），它能够同时存储对象和向量，支持向量搜索与结构化过滤的结合。在生产环境中，单节点部署往往无法满足高可用性和可扩展性需求。本文将详细介绍如何搭建Weaviate高可用集群架构，确保系统的稳定性和性能。
集群架构设计
核心组件
Weaviate集群主要由以下组件构成：
高可用架构优势
| 特性 | 单节点 | 集群部署 | 优势说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 可用性 | 单点故障 | 多节点冗余 | 自动故障转移 |
| 扩展性 | 有限 | 水平扩展 | 按需增加节点 |
| 性能 | 受限于单机 | 负载均衡 | 并行处理查询 |
| 数据安全 | 风险较高 | 数据复制 | 多副本保障 |
部署前准备
系统要求
# 最小硬件配置（每个节点）
resources:
cpu: 4 cores
memory: 8GB RAM
storage: 50GB SSD
network: 1Gbps
# 推荐生产配置
production_resources:
cpu: 8+ cores
memory: 16GB+ RAM
storage: 100GB+ SSD
network: 10Gbps
软件依赖
# 必需组件
- Docker 20.10+
- Docker Compose 2.0+
- Kubernetes 1.23+ (可选)
- 负载均衡器 (Nginx/Haproxy)
Docker Compose集群部署
基础集群配置
创建 docker-compose-cluster.yml 文件：
version: '3.4'
services:
weaviate-node1:
image: cr.weaviate.io/weaviate/weaviate:latest
ports:
- "8080:8080"
environment:
- AUTHENTICATION_ANONYMOUS_ACCESS_ENABLED=true
- PERSISTENCE_DATA_PATH=/var/lib/weaviate
- CLUSTER_HOSTNAME=node1
- CLUSTER_JOIN=node2,node3
- ENABLE_MODULES=text2vec-transformers
volumes:
- weaviate_data1:/var/lib/weaviate
networks:
- weaviate-net
weaviate-node2:
image: cr.weaviate.io/weaviate/weaviate:latest
ports:
- "8081:8080"
environment:
- AUTHENTICATION_ANONYMOUS_ACCESS_ENABLED=true
- PERSISTENCE_DATA_PATH=/var/lib/weaviate
- CLUSTER_HOSTNAME=node2
- CLUSTER_JOIN=node1,node3
- ENABLE_MODULES=text2vec-transformers
volumes:
- weaviate_data2:/var/lib/weaviate
networks:
- weaviate-net
weaviate-node3:
image: cr.weaviate.io/weaviate/weaviate:latest
ports:
- "8082:8080"
environment:
- AUTHENTICATION_ANONYMOUS_ACCESS_ENABLED=true
- PERSISTENCE_DATA_PATH=/var/lib/weaviate
- CLUSTER_HOSTNAME=node3
- CLUSTER_JOIN=node1,node2
- ENABLE_MODULES=text2vec-transformers
volumes:
- weaviate_data3:/var/lib/weaviate
networks:
- weaviate-net
volumes:
weaviate_data1:
weaviate_data2:
weaviate_data3:
networks:
weaviate-net:
driver: bridge
启动集群
# 启动集群
docker-compose -f docker-compose-cluster.yml up -d
# 查看集群状态
docker-compose -f docker-compose-cluster.yml logs -f
# 验证集群健康状态
curl http://localhost:8080/v1/nodes
Kubernetes集群部署
Helm Chart配置
创建 values.yaml 配置文件：
replicaCount: 3
image:
repository: cr.weaviate.io/weaviate/weaviate
tag: latest
pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
service:
type: LoadBalancer
port: 8080
persistence:
enabled: true
storageClass: "ssd"
size: 50Gi
env:
- name: AUTHENTICATION_ANONYMOUS_ACCESS_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: PERSISTENCE_DATA_PATH
value: "/var/lib/weaviate"
- name: ENABLE_MODULES
value: "text2vec-transformers"
resources:
limits:
cpu: "2"
memory: "4Gi"
requests:
cpu: "1"
memory: "2Gi"
autoscaling:
enabled: true
minReplicas: 3
maxReplicas: 10
targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 80
部署命令
# 添加Weaviate Helm仓库
helm repo add weaviate https://weaviate.github.io/weaviate-helm
helm repo update
# 安装集群
helm install weaviate-cluster weaviate/weaviate -f values.yaml
# 查看部署状态
kubectl get pods -l app=weaviate
kubectl get services
负载均衡配置
Nginx配置示例
upstream weaviate_cluster {
server weaviate-node1:8080;
server weaviate-node2:8080;
server weaviate-node3:8080;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name weaviate.example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://weaviate_cluster;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
# 健康检查
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
proxy_connect_timeout 2s;
proxy_send_timeout 30s;
proxy_read_timeout 30s;
}
# 健康检查端点
location /health {
access_log off;
proxy_pass http://weaviate_cluster/v1/nodes;
}
}
数据持久化与备份
持久化卷配置
# Kubernetes PersistentVolume示例
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: weaviate-pv-01
spec:
capacity:
storage: 100Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
storageClassName: ssd
hostPath:
path: /data/weaviate-01
备份策略
# 创建备份
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/v1/backups/filesystem \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"id": "backup-2024",
"include": ["ALL"],
"backend": "filesystem"
}'
# 恢复备份
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/v1/backups/filesystem/backup-2024/restore \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"include": ["ALL"]
}'
监控与告警
Prometheus监控配置
# Weaviate监控配置
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'weaviate'
static_configs:
- targets: ['weaviate-node1:8080', 'weaviate-node2:8080', 'weaviate-node3:8080']
metrics_path: '/v1/metrics'
scheme: 'http'
# 关键监控指标
- weaviate_queries_total
- weaviate_query_duration_seconds
- weaviate_nodes_up
- weaviate_memory_usage_bytes
Grafana仪表板
{
"panels": [
{
"title": "集群节点状态",
"type": "stat",
"targets": [{
"expr": "sum(weaviate_nodes_up)",
"legendFormat": "活跃节点"
}]
},
{
"title": "查询吞吐量",
"type": "graph",
"targets": [{
"expr": "rate(weaviate_queries_total[5m])",
"legendFormat": "查询次数/秒"
}]
}
]
}
故障排除与优化
常见问题解决
性能优化建议
| 优化领域 | 具体措施 | 预期效果 |
|---|---|---|
| 内存优化 | 调整JVM参数 | 减少GC停顿 |
| 查询优化 | 使用适当索引 | 提升搜索速度 |
| 网络优化 | 优化集群通信 | 降低延迟 |
| 存储优化 | SSD存储配置 | 提高IO性能 |
安全配置
TLS加密配置
# SSL/TLS配置示例
environment:
- TLS_ENABLED=true
- TLS_CERT_FILE=/etc/ssl/certs/weaviate.crt
- TLS_KEY_FILE=/etc/ssl/private/weaviate.key
- TLS_CLIENT_AUTH=require
身份验证配置
# OIDC身份验证
environment:
- AUTHENTICATION_OIDC_ENABLED=true
- AUTHENTICATION_OIDC_ISSUER=https://auth.example.com
- AUTHENTICATION_OIDC_CLIENT_ID=weaviate-client
- AUTHENTICATION_OIDC_USERNAME_CLAIM=email
总结
Weaviate集群部署为企业级应用提供了高可用性、可扩展性和性能保障。通过合理的架构设计、监控告警和运维策略，可以构建稳定可靠的向量搜索服务。建议在生产环境中定期进行压力测试和故障演练，确保系统能够应对各种异常情况。
最佳实践清单
- ✅ 使用奇数个节点确保集群仲裁
- ✅ 配置完善的监控和告警系统
- ✅ 定期备份和测试恢复流程
- ✅ 实施严格的安全策略
- ✅ 进行容量规划和性能测试
- ✅ 建立完善的文档和运维流程
通过遵循本文的指南，您将能够成功部署和管理一个高性能的Weaviate集群，为您的AI应用提供可靠的向量数据库服务。
创作声明：本文部分内容由AI辅助生成（AIGC），仅供参考
