ArcEngine 网络分析入门
Summary:网络模拟人们的交通运输和资源情况如:水、点、气和通信等。网络包括流动的边如街道,河流延伸等,和这些边交点,如十字路口和交汇处。这些地理数据可以划分为两类模型:(1)网络数据集模型:运输网络。(2)地理网络模型:直流系统如:河流网络和地理线。
Networks model the transportation of people and resources such as water, electricity, gas, and communications. Networks constrain flow to edges, such as streets and river reaches, which join at junctions such as intersections and confluences. The geodatabase has two core network models: the network dataset models transportation networks and the geometric network models directed-flow systems such as river networks and utility lines.
主题:
1、网络分析可以做什么
2、 运输网络(网络数据集)
3、 地理数据集之河流网络
4、地理数据集之有用网络
In this topic
What network applications provide
What network applications provide
Networks pervade(遍布)your daily life. You drive cars from home to work on a street network, cook your dinners with natural gas delivered through gas utility lines, catch up with news and send e-mails through the Internet, and visit relatives by flying on an airline route system.(网络无处不在)
Networks channel flow. Certain phenomena flow in a continuous field across a region, such as rainfall or temperature. But rainfall collects into streams, and nearly all resources that you process or goods that are manufactured flow in a constrained way, carried along networks of streets, pipes, cables, and channels.(网络有自然的和人工的)
A network is a one-dimensional system of edges that connect at junctions that transport resources, communications, and people. The following are the three common types of networks:(网络是一个用来运输资源,人和通信的通过边来链接节点的一维系统)
Transportation networks (运输网络)
River networks (河流网络)
Utility networks (有用网络)
Transportation networks (运输网络)
Transportation involves the movement of people and the shipment of goods from one location to another.
运输包括人和货船从一个地方移动到另外一个地方。
Streets are the ubiquitous network—you spend a fraction of every day traversing this network. Streets have two-way flow, except for situations such as one-way streets, divided highways, and transition ramps.
街道是一个遍布的网络。我们每天都用了部分时间在上面。街道是双向的,除了单行线等。
Streets form a multilevel network—while most roads are at surface level, bridges, tunnels, and highway interchanges cross each other in elevation; a simple overpass has two levels, and a highway interchange typically has four.
You make your daily travel optimal by hopping from one mode of transport to another, switching between walking, driving, riding a bus or train, and flying. You also use natural hierarchies in the transportation network. Trips of any distance usually begin by driving to the closest freeway on-ramp and proceeding to the off-ramp closest to the destination.(日常的网络分析)
Street, rail, and subway systems have well-defined geometry for the edges of the network, but transportation systems such as airline routes and shipping lanes have indeterminate or variable edges with geographic junctions at airports and harbors.(街道的地理形状分析)
Some transportation tasks include the following:
网络数据集(运输网络的任务):
1、两点的最快路径
2、基于时间的交易区域
3、最近的事故救援
4、最佳路径及其拜访客服的顺序
5、来讲的有效运输路线
Calculating the quickest path between two locations
Determining a trade area based on travel time
Dispatching the closest ambulance to an accident
Finding the best path and sequence to visit customers
Routing a garbage truck efficiently
With geographic information system (GIS) software, you can analyze a transportation network to support planning goals such as relieving congestion, mitigating pollution, optimizing delivery of goods, and forecasting demand for transportation. See the following illustration of a transportation network:
在GIS中,你可以通过运输网络来支持一个计划的目标。比如:救援阻塞,减轻污染。优化投递物品,交通需求的预见。等
River networks
河流网络
Rainfall on the landscape accumulates from rivulets to streams, rivers, and finally, an ocean. The shape of the surface directs water to a stream network. Gravity drives river flow from higher elevations to sea level.(下雨形成流状网络。)
A hydrologic network usually models a river as a connected set of stream reaches (edges) and their confluences (junctions). When a stream drains into a lake, hydrologic models continue the flow along an arbitrary line midway between shores until an outlet is reached.
Special large-scale hydrologic project models may include 3D analysis of flow lines through a channel volume, but simplifying a river to a one-dimension line network is suitable for most applications.
Most parts of a river network form well-drained dendritic networks with distinct channels and flow directions.
In flat terrain, river flow becomes more complicated—a large river near an ocean often forms a delta with a complex braided network, and tidal effects can reverse flow near the shore.
Some hydrologic tasks include the following:
功能:
1、 在表面模型中分析每一个河流到达的水库。
2、 通过水库计算降雨量。
3、 利用测量值预见洪水在河流延案的影响。
4、 设计一个通道系统来引导水流
5、 为农业或城市管理水
Deriving catchments on a surface model for each stream reach
Accumulating rainfall on catchments and transferring flow to reach
Using gauge values to predict flood surge along a river
Designing a system of channels and holding ponds for high water
Managing diversion of water for agriculture or city water works
The basic analysis done on river networks starts with estimating peak and average rainfall (from radar or model assumptions), determining how water gathers from catchment areas to river reaches, and how it accumulates downstream at confluences. See the following illustration of a river network:
Utility networks
Utility networks are the built environment that supplies energy, water, and communications and removes effluent and storm water. Water utilities are gravity driven or pressurized, depending on terrain. Flow in a gas utility is driven by pressure in pipes. Electric power flows from high voltage potential to low. Pulses of light carry communications in a fiber-optic network.
Utility networks have a nominal flow condition, with a few sources delivering a resource to many points of consumption. Some utility networks tolerate loops, such as a water network. For other utilities, a loop is a fault condition, such as an electrical short circuit. All utility networks contain dynamic devices, such as valves and switches, that can interrupt or redirect flow in the event of an outage or system maintenance.
Some utilities, such as telecommunications and electrical networks, have multiple circuits on a common carrier (edge), such as electric lines with three phases of power or twisted-pair lines in telephony.
Some utility network tasks include the following:
功能:
1、建立日常事务的流动方向
2、查找上游的点
3、结束转换开发和流来重新改变流
4、识别网络的孤立部分
5、查找公共设施
Establishing the direction of a commodity flow
Finding what is upstream of a point
Closing switches or valves to redirect flow
Identifying isolated parts of the network
Finding facilities that serve a set of customers
Utilities are concerned first with the safety of customers and employees, followed by the reliability of the system, and then cost efficiency in system operations. GIS technology is an effective tool to reach these goals. See the following illustration of a utility network:
效应首先关注的是客户和职员的安全,然后是系统的可靠性,在其次是系统操作的费用效率。
GIS 技术是到达这些目标的一个有效的工具。 见到实效网络的下列例证:
ArcEngine网络分析入门
本文介绍了ArcEngine中的网络分析概念,包括运输网络、河流网络及公用事业网络的基本原理与应用场景。探讨了如何使用地理信息系统(GIS)软件进行网络分析,以实现规划目标。
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