要了解C++对象的虚函数的内存布局,推荐的是如下的三篇由浅入深的文章:
C++虚函数表解析
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/haoel/article/details/1948051
C++对象的内存布局(上)
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/haoel/article/details/3081328
C++对象的内存布局(下)
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/haoel/article/details/3081385
作为“课后作业”,在64位linux上写了一个验证代码 (g++ (GCC) 4.4.6):
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
virtual void foo1(){cout<<"Base::foo1"<<endl;}
virtual void foo2(){cout<<"Base::foo2"<<endl;}
virtual void foo3(){cout<<"Base::foo3"<<endl;}
};
class Derive1: public Base
{
virtual void foo1(){cout<<"Derive1::foo1"<<endl;}
virtual void fooDerive1(){cout<<"Derive1::fooDerive"<<endl;}
};
class Derive2: public Base
{
virtual void foo1(){cout<<"Derive2::foo1"<<endl;}
virtual void fooDerive2(){cout<<"Derive2::fooDerive"<<endl;}
};
class Derive3 : public Derive1, public Derive2
{
virtual void foo1(){cout<<"Derive3::foo1"<<endl;}
virtual void fooDerive3(){cout<<"Derive3::fooDerive3"<<endl;}
};
typedef void(*Fun)(void);
main()
{
Derive3 d3;
long long** pVtab = (long long**)&d3;
Fun pFun = NULL;
for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][i];
cout<<"["<<i<<"]";
pFun();
}
cout<<"--------------"<<endl;
for(int i=0; (Fun)pVtab[1][i]!=NULL; i++)
{
pFun = (Fun)pVtab[1][i];
cout<<"["<<i<<"]";
pFun();
}
}
执行结果:
[0]Derive3::foo1
[1]Base::foo2
[2]Base::foo3
[3]Derive1::fooDerive
[4]Derive3::fooDerive3
--------------
[0]Derive3::foo1
[1]Base::foo2
[2]Base::foo3
[3]Derive2::fooDerive
如果是单线的继承,内存的排布跟文章中介绍都一样。
如果是菱形继承、虚拟继承、多重集成, 还是有些区别,第一个虚表最后有一个未知节点,不是直接为0结束,不知道要怎么分析下去这块内存的指向了 :(