文件操作

<span style="font-weight: bold;">1,遍历一个目录下的所有文件
</span>
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//假设用户文档下有如下文件和文件夹[test1.txt,fold1/test2.txt]
let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
 
//(1)对指定路径执行浅搜索,返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
let contentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(url.path!)
//contentsOfPath:Optional([fold1, test1.txt])
print ( "contentsOfPath: \(contentsOfPath)" )
 
//(2)类似上面的,对指定路径执行浅搜索,返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
let contentsOfURL = try? manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil , options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions . SkipsHiddenFiles );
//contentsOfURL:Optional([file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/,
// file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/test1.txt])
print ( "contentsOfURL: \(contentsOfURL)" )
 
//(3)深度遍历,会递归遍历子文件夹(但不会递归符号链接)
let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumeratorAtPath(url.path!)
//enumeratorAtPath:Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt])
print ( "enumeratorAtPath: \(enumeratorAtPath?.allObjects)" )
 
//(4)类似上面的,深度遍历,会递归遍历子文件夹(但不会递归符号链接)
let enumeratorAtURL = manager.enumeratorAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil , options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions . SkipsHiddenFiles , errorHandler: nil )
//contentsOfURL:Optional([file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/,
// file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/test2.txt,
// file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/test1.txt])
print ( "enumeratorAtURL: \(enumeratorAtURL?.allObjects)" )
 
//(5)深度遍历,会递归遍历子文件夹(包括符号链接,所以要求性能的话用enumeratorAtPath)
let subPaths = manager.subpathsAtPath(url.path!)
//subPaths:Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt])
print ( "subPaths: \(subPaths)" )




2,判断文件或文件夹是否存在
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
var exist = fileManager.fileExistsAtPath(filePath)




3,创建文件夹 
方式1:
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let myDirectory: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/myFolder/Files"
let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
 
//withIntermediateDirectories为ture表示路径中间如果有不存在的文件夹都会创建
try! fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory,
     withIntermediateDirectories: true , attributes: nil )
方式2:
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func createFolder(name: String ,baseUrl: NSURL ){
     let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
     let folder = baseUrl. URLByAppendingPathComponent (name, isDirectory: true )
     print ( "文件夹: \(folder)" )
     let exist = manager.fileExistsAtPath(folder.path!)
     if !exist {
         try! manager.createDirectoryAtURL(folder, withIntermediateDirectories: true , attributes: nil )
     }
}
 
//在文档目录下新建folder目录
let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
createFolder( "folder" , baseUrl: url)




4,将对象写入文件
可以通过writeToFile方法,可以创建文件并将对象写入,对象包括String,NSString,UIImage,NSArray,NSDictionary等。
(1)把String保存到文件
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let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let info = "欢迎来到hange.com"
try! info.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true , encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding )

(2)把图片保存到文件路径下
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let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/hangge.png"
let image = UIImage (named: "apple.png" )
let data: NSData = UIImagePNGRepresentation (image!)!
data.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true )

(3)把NSArray保存到文件路径下
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let array = NSArray (objects: "aaa" , "bbb" , "ccc" )
let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/array.plist"
array.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true )

(4)把NSDictionary保存到文件路径下
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let dictionary = NSDictionary (objects: [ "111" , "222" ], forKeys: [ "aaa" , "bbb" ])
let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/dictionary.plist"
dictionary.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true )




5,创建文件
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func createFile(name: String ,fileBaseUrl: NSURL ){
     let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
     
     let file = fileBaseUrl. URLByAppendingPathComponent (name)
     print ( "文件: \(file)" )
     let exist = manager.fileExistsAtPath(file.path!)
     if !exist {
         let data = NSData (base64EncodedString: "aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=" ,options:. IgnoreUnknownCharacters )
         let createSuccess = manager.createFileAtPath(file.path!,contents:data,attributes: nil )
         print ( "文件创建结果: \(createSuccess)" )
     }
}
 
//在文档目录下新建test.txt文件
let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory ,
     inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
createFile( "test.txt" , fileBaseUrl: url)
//createFile("folder/new.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)




6,复制文件 
(1)方法1
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory ()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/copyed.txt"
try! fileManager.copyItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

(2)方法2
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// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
 
// 将test.txt文件拷贝到文档目录根目录下的copyed.txt文件
let srcUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )
let toUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "copyed.txt" )
 
try! manager.copyItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl)




7,移动文件
(1)方法1
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory ()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/moved"
try! fileManager.moveItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

(2)方法2
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// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
 
let srcUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )
let toUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "copyed.txt" )
// 移动srcUrl中的文件(test.txt)到toUrl中(copyed.txt)
try! manager.moveItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl)




8,删除文件
(1)方法1
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory ()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
try! fileManager.removeItemAtPath(srcUrl)

(2)方法2
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// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory ,
     inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
 
let toUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "copyed.txt" )
// 删除文档根目录下的toUrl路径的文件(copyed.txt文件)
try! manager.removeItemAtURL(toUrl)




9,删除目录下所有的文件
(1)方法1:获取所有文件,然后遍历删除
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/Files"
let fileArray:[ AnyObject ]? = fileManager.subpathsAtPath(myDirectory)
for fn in fileArray!{
     try! fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory + "/\(fn)" )
}

(2)方法2:删除目录后重新创建该目录
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/Files"
try! fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory)
try! fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true ,
     attributes: nil )



10,读取文件
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let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let docPath: NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )
 
//方法1
let readHandler = try! NSFileHandle (forReadingFromURL:file)
let data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile()
let readString = NSString (data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding )
print ( "文件内容: \(readString)" )
 
//方法2
let data = manager.contentsAtPath(file.path!)
let readString = NSString (data: data!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding )
print ( "文件内容: \(readString)" )




11,在任意位置写入数据
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let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let docPath: NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )
 
let string = "添加一些文字到文件末尾"
let appendedData = string.dataUsingEncoding( NSUTF8StringEncoding , allowLossyConversion: true )
let writeHandler = try? NSFileHandle (forWritingToURL:file)
writeHandler!.seekToEndOfFile()
writeHandler!.writeData(appendedData!)




12,文件权限判断
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let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let docPath: NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )
 
let readable = manager.isReadableFileAtPath(file.path!)
print ( "可读: \(readable)" )
let writeable = manager.isWritableFileAtPath(file.path!)
print ( "可写: \(writeable)" )
let executable = manager.isExecutableFileAtPath(file.path!)
print ( "可执行: \(executable)" )
let deleteable = manager.isDeletableFileAtPath(file.path!)
print ( "可删除: \(deleteable)" )




13,获取文件属性(创建时间,修改时间,文件大小,文件类型等信息)
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let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory ,
     inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let docPath: NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )
 
let attributes = try? manager.attributesOfItemAtPath(file.path!) //结果为AnyObject类型
print ( "attributes: \(attributes!)" )




14,文件/文件夹比较
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let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory ,
     inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask )
let docPath: NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let contents = try! manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(docPath.path!)
 
//下面比较前面两个文件是否内容相同(该方法也可以用来比较目录)
let count = contents.count
if count > 1 {
     let path1 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[0] as String )
     let path2 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[1] as String )
     let equal = manager.contentsEqualAtPath(path1,andPath:path2)
     print ( "比较结果: \(equal)" )
}

原文出自: www.hangge.com  原文链接: http://www.hangge.com/blog/cache/detail_527.html
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