VTK-Python 1. 绘制立方体

本文展示如何使用Python和VTK库手动创建vtkPolyData来表示一个立方体,并提供了渲染和显示该立方体的方法。

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#!/usr/bin/env python

# This is (almost) a direct C++ to Python transliteration of
# <VTK-root>/Examples/DataManipulation/Cxx/Cube.cxx from the VTK
# source distribution, which "shows how to manually create vtkPolyData"
#
# A convenience function, mkVtkIdList(), has been added and one if/else
# so the example also works in version 6 or later.
#
# Lines like `obj->Delete()` have been transliterated as `del obj` to,
# preserve the resemblance to the original C++ example, although I
# doubt this achieves anything beyond what Python's garbage collection
# would do anyway.

import vtk

# Makes a vtkIdList from a Python iterable. I'm kinda surprised that
# this is necessary, since I assumed that this kind of thing would
# have been built into the wrapper and happen transparently, but it
# seems not.


def mkVtkIdList(it):
    vil = vtk.vtkIdList()
    for i in it:
        vil.InsertNextId(int(i))
    return vil

# 绘制通用方法
def myShow(cube):
    # Now we'll look at it.
    cubeMapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
    if vtk.VTK_MAJOR_VERSION <= 5:
        cubeMapper.SetInput(cube)
    else:
        cubeMapper.SetInputData(cube)
    cubeMapper.SetScalarRange(0, 7)
    cubeActor = vtk.vtkActor()
    cubeActor.SetMapper(cubeMapper)

    # The usual rendering stuff.
    camera = vtk.vtkCamera()
    camera.SetPosition(1, 1, 1)
    camera.SetFocalPoint(0, 0, 0)

    renderer = vtk.vtkRenderer()
    renWin = vtk.vtkRenderWindow()
    renWin.AddRenderer(renderer)

    iren = vtk.vtkRenderWindowInteractor()
    iren.SetRenderWindow(renWin)

    renderer.AddActor(cubeActor)
    renderer.SetActiveCamera(camera)
    renderer.ResetCamera()
    renderer.SetBackground(0, 0, 0)

    renWin.SetSize(300, 300)

    # interact with data
    renWin.Render()
    iren.Start()
    del cubeMapper
    del cubeActor
    del camera
    del renderer
    del renWin
    del iren

def main():
    # x = array of 8 3-tuples of float representing the vertices of a cube:
    # 8个三维值代表长方体的8个顶点
    x = [(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
         (0.0, 0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.0, 1.0, 1.0)]

    # pts = array of 6 4-tuples of vtkIdType (int) representing the faces
    #     of the cube in terms of the above vertices
    # 点的编号0-7,每个面由4个点组成
    pts = [(0, 1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6, 7), (0, 1, 5, 4),
           (1, 2, 6, 5), (2, 3, 7, 6), (3, 0, 4, 7)]

    # We'll create the building blocks of polydata including data attributes.
    cube = vtk.vtkPolyData()
    points = vtk.vtkPoints()
    polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
    scalars = vtk.vtkFloatArray()

    # Load the point, cell, and data attributes.
    for i in range(8):
        points.InsertPoint(i, x[i])
    for i in range(6):
        polys.InsertNextCell(mkVtkIdList(pts[i]))
    for i in range(8):
        scalars.InsertTuple1(i, i)

    # We now assign the pieces to the vtkPolyData.
    cube.SetPoints(points)
    del points
    cube.SetPolys(polys)
    del polys
    cube.GetPointData().SetScalars(scalars)
    del scalars

    myShow(cube)
    # Clean up
    del cube

main()

学习如何在VTK绘制并渲染一个三维立方体模型是一个基础而重要的步骤,这不仅可以帮助你理解VTK的渲染流程,还能为你之后处理更复杂的数据和模型打下坚实的基础。《vtk user's guide 中文版》作为VTK的经典教程,非常适合在这个方面为你提供帮助。 参考资源链接:[vtk user's guide 中文版](https://wenku.csdn.net/doc/6412b4b2be7fbd1778d40807?spm=1055.2569.3001.10343) 首先,为了确保代码的正确性和可执行性,你需要确保已经正确安装了VTK,并配置好开发环境。在Python环境中,你可以使用VTKPython绑定来进行操作。 以下是一个简单的Python示例代码,展示了如何使用VTK创建并渲染一个三维立方体: ```python import vtk # 创建立方体的8个顶点 vertices = vtk.vtkPoints() vertices.InsertNextPoint(0, 0, 0) vertices.InsertNextPoint(1, 0, 0) vertices.InsertNextPoint(1, 1, 0) vertices.InsertNextPoint(0, 1, 0) vertices.InsertNextPoint(0, 0, 1) vertices.InsertNextPoint(1, 0, 1) vertices.InsertNextPoint(1, 1, 1) vertices.InsertNextPoint(0, 1, 1) # 创建构成立方体12条边 lines = vtk.vtkCellArray() for i in range(0, 8): lines.InsertNextCell(2) lines.InsertCellPoint(i) # 创建一个polydata对象,它是VTK用于存储图形数据的结构 cube = vtk.vtkPolyData() cube.SetPoints(vertices) cube.SetLines(lines) # 创建一个mapper用于将图形数据映射到渲染器 cube_mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper() cube_mapper.SetInputData(cube) # 创建一个actor,它代表了场景中的一个实体 cube_actor = vtk.vtkActor() cube_actor.SetMapper(cube_mapper) cube_actor.GetProperty().SetDiffuseColor(1, 0.5, 0.5) # 设置颜色 # 创建一个渲染器,渲染器是用于渲染的场景 renderer = vtk.vtkRenderer() renderer.AddActor(cube_actor) renderer.SetBackground(0.1, 0.2, 0.4) # 设置背景颜色 # 创建一个渲染窗口并添加渲染器 render_window = vtk.vtkRenderWindow() render_window.AddRenderer(renderer) # 创建一个渲染窗口交互器,用于处理用户输入 render_window_interactor = vtk.vtkRenderWindowInteractor() render_window_interactor.SetRenderWindow(render_window) # 开始交互 render_window.Render() render_window_interactor.Start() ``` 这段代码首先创建了立方体的8个顶点和12条边,然后使用这些点和边创建了一个polydata对象。接着,代码创建了一个mapper和actor来将polydata映射并渲染到场景中。最后,通过渲染器、渲染窗口和渲染窗口交互器来显示和交互立方体模型。 掌握这些基础知识后,你可以参考《vtk user's guide 中文版》的更深入章节,例如“可视化图像和体数据”和“建立模型”,来扩展你的技能,处理更复杂的三维数据和模型。这份资料不仅涵盖了3D立方体模型创建的基础,还包括了如何进行复杂数据的可视化和处理,为你的VTK学习之旅提供了丰富的资源。 参考资源链接:[vtk user's guide 中文版](https://wenku.csdn.net/doc/6412b4b2be7fbd1778d40807?spm=1055.2569.3001.10343)
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