Python turtle时钟

# coding=utf-8
import turtle
from datetime import *


# 抬起画笔,向前运动一段距离放下
def Skip(step):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.forward(step)
    turtle.pendown()


def mkHand(name, length):
    # 注册Turtle形状,建立表针Turtle
    turtle.reset()
    Skip(-length * 0.1)
    # 开始记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的第一个顶点。
    turtle.begin_poly()
    turtle.forward(length * 1.1)
    # 停止记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的最后一个顶点。将与第一个顶点相连。
    turtle.end_poly()
    # 返回最后记录的多边形。
    handForm = turtle.get_poly()
    turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)


def Init():
    global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer
    # 重置Turtle指向北
    turtle.mode("logo")
    # 建立三个表针Turtle并初始化
    mkHand("secHand", 135)
    mkHand("minHand", 125)
    mkHand("hurHand", 90)
    secHand = turtle.Turtle()
    secHand.shape("secHand")
    minHand = turtle.Turtle()
    minHand.shape("minHand")
    hurHand = turtle.Turtle()
    hurHand.shape("hurHand")
    for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:
        hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
        hand.speed(0)
        # 建立输出文字Turtle
    printer = turtle.Turtle()
    # 隐藏画笔的turtle形状
    printer.hideturtle()
    printer.penup()


def SetupClock(radius):
    # 建立表的外框
    turtle.reset()
    turtle.pensize(7)
    for i in range(60):
        Skip(radius)
        if i % 5 == 0:
            turtle.forward(20)
            Skip(-radius - 20)

            Skip(radius + 20)
            if i == 0:
                turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            elif i == 30:
                Skip(25)
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
                Skip(-25)
            elif (i == 25 or i == 35):
                Skip(20)
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
                Skip(-20)
            else:
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            Skip(-radius - 20)
        else:
            turtle.dot(5)
            Skip(-radius)
        turtle.right(6)


def Week(t):
    week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三",
            "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]
    return week[t.weekday()]


def Date(t):
    y = t.year
    m = t.month
    d = t.day
    return "%s.%d.%d" % (y, m, d)


def Tick():
    # 绘制表针的动态显示
    t = datetime.today()
    second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001
    minute = t.minute + second / 60.0
    hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0
    secHand.setheading(6 * second)
    minHand.setheading(6 * minute)
    hurHand.setheading(30 * hour)
    turtle.tracer(False)
    printer.forward(65)
    printer.write(Week(t), align="center",
                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
    printer.back(130)
    printer.write(Date(t), align="center",
                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
    printer.home()
    turtle.tracer(True)
    # 100ms后继续调用tick
    turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)


def main():
    # 打开/关闭龟动画,并为更新图纸设置延迟。
    turtle.tracer(False)
    Init()
    SetupClock(160)
    turtle.tracer(True)
    Tick()
    turtle.mainloop()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

### 使用 Python `turtle` 库实现时钟程序 #### 创建基本框架 为了创建一个简单的模拟时钟,首先需要导入必要的库并设置画布。 ```python import turtle import time from datetime import datetime ``` #### 初始化屏幕和指针 定义函数来初始化绘图环境以及各个表盘组件: ```python def setup_screen(): screen = turtle.Screen() screen.title("Turtle Clock Example") screen.bgcolor('white') screen.setup(width=600, height=600) def create_hand(name, color, length): hand = turtle.Turtle(visible=False) hand.shape('arrow') # 注册Turtle形状,建立表针Turtle [^1] hand.color(color) hand.speed(0) hand.shapesize(stretch_wid=length / 5, stretch_len=1, outline=None) return hand ``` #### 绘制静态部分 编写用于绘制固定元素(如刻度线)的功能: ```python def draw_clock_face(radius): clock_turtle = turtle.Turtle(visible=False) clock_turtle.penup() for i in range(60): angle = (i * 6) - 90 # 让角度从顶部开始计算 if i % 5 == 0: distance_from_center = radius - 20 tick_length = 15 else: distance_from_center = radius - 8 tick_length = 5 clock_turtle.goto(distance_from_center * math.cos(math.radians(angle)), distance_from_center * math.sin(math.radians(angle))) clock_turtle.pendown() clock_turtle.forward(tick_length) clock_turtle.penup() clock_turtle.hideturtle() ``` #### 更新时间指示器位置 动态更新小时、分钟和秒数的位置: ```python def update_time(hands): current_time = datetime.now().time() hour_angle = ((current_time.hour % 12) * 30 + current_time.minute / 2) - 90 minute_angle = (current_time.minute * 6) - 90 second_angle = (current_time.second * 6) - 90 hands['hour'].setheading(hour_angle) hands['minute'].setheading(minute_angle) hands['second'].clear() # 清除之前的轨迹以便重新绘制秒钟 [^2] hands['second'].goto(0, 0) hands['second'].pendown() hands['second'].forward(240) hands['second'].penup() ``` #### 主循环逻辑 最后,在主程序中调用上述功能完成整个过程: ```python if __name__ == '__main__': setup_screen() hands = { 'hour': create_hand('Hour', 'black', 100), 'minute': create_hand('Minute', 'blue', 180), 'second': create_hand('Second', 'red', 240) } draw_clock_face(270) while True: try: update_time(hands) time.sleep(1) except KeyboardInterrupt: break turtle.done() ``` 此代码片段展示了如何利用Python中的`turtle`图形化工具包构建一个基础版本的模拟时钟应用。通过调整参数还可以自定义样式与行为特性。
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