java webservice

使用Axis编写WebService比较简单,就我的理解,WebService的实现代码和编写Java代码其实没有什么区别,主要是将哪些Java类发布为WebService。下面是一个从编写测试例子到发布WebService,以及编写测试代码的过程介绍。

      本例子的WebService提供了两个方法,分别是sayHello和sayHelloToPerson,第一个只是返回一个"Hello"字符串,没有参数,第二个函数接受一个字符串作为参数,返回"Hello 参数值",该例子比较简单,但是清楚的说明了从编写代码到发布为WebService以及测试编写好的WebService全过程。

编写服务代码

      服务代码提供了两个函数,分别为sayHello和sayHelloToPerson,源代码如下:


/*
* File name: HelloService.java
*
* Version: v1.0
*
* Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:40:20 AM
*
* Designed by Stephen
*
* (c)Copyright 2008
*/

package com.sinosoft.webservice;

/**
*
@author Stephen
*
* Test web service
*/

public class HelloService {
   
/**
     * 不带参数的函数
     *
     *
@return 返回Hello字符串
    
*/

   
public String sayHello() {
       
return "Hello";
    }


   
/**
     * 带参数的函数
     *
     *
@param name
     *            名称
     *
@return 返回加上名称的欢迎词
    
*/

   
public String sayHelloToPerson(String name) {
       
if (name == null || name.equals("")) {
            name
= "nobody";
        }

       
return "Hello " + name;
    }

}

发布WebService

      要将上边写的HelloService类发布为WebService,需要先搭建Web应用。下面是在Tomcat下使用Axis创建WebService服务的例子。

在Tomcat下创建Web应用

     在该例子中,在Tomcat下创建了一个context path为ws的WEB应用。

     1. 在Tomcat的webapps下创建如下文件系统

          ws

               WEB-INF

                    lib

                    classes

     2. 在WEB-INF文件夹下创建web.xml文件,该文件的内容如下:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web
Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"
>

<web-app>
 
<display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name>
   
   
<listener>
       
<listener-class>org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisHTTPSessionListener</listener-class>
   
</listener>
   
 
<servlet>
   
<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
   
<display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name>
   
<servlet-class>
        org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet
   
</servlet-class>
 
</servlet>

 
<servlet>
   
<servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
   
<display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name>
   
<servlet-class>
        org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet
   
</servlet-class>
   
<load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
 
</servlet>

 
<servlet>
   
<servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
   
<display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name>
   
<servlet-class>
        org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService
   
</servlet-class>
   
<init-param>
     
<param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name>
     
<param-value>5001</param-value>
   
</init-param>
   
<load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
 
</servlet>

 
<servlet-mapping>
   
<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
   
<url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern>
 
</servlet-mapping>

 
<servlet-mapping>
   
<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
   
<url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern>
 
</servlet-mapping>

 
<servlet-mapping>
   
<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
   
<url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>
 
</servlet-mapping>

 
<servlet-mapping>
   
<servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
   
<url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern>
 
</servlet-mapping>

<!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet -->
<!--
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
-->

   
<session-config>
       
<!-- Default to 5 minute session timeouts -->
       
<session-timeout>5</session-timeout>
   
</session-config>

   
<!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL;
    http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft
    for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response
-->
 
<mime-mapping>
   
<extension>wsdl</extension>
    
<mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
 
</mime-mapping>
 

 
<mime-mapping>
   
<extension>xsd</extension>
   
<mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
 
</mime-mapping>

 
<welcome-file-list id="WelcomeFileList">
   
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
   
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
   
<welcome-file>index.jws</welcome-file>
 
</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

     在上面的web.xml中主要是配置了axis的相关配置。

axis的相关配置

     在上述的web.xml文件中已经对axis进行了配置,但是还需要进行额外的配置。

     复制axis相关的jar文件

     将axis的相关jar文件复制到WEB-INF"lib文件夹下。这些文件包括:

activation.jar
axis.jar
axis-ant.jar
axis-schema.jar
commons-discovery-0.2.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
jaxrpc.jar
log4j-1.2.8.jar
mailapi.jar
saaj.jar
wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar
xmlsec-1.3.0.jar

     复制WebService服务主文件

     将HelloService.java编译后的class文件复制到WEB-INF"classes文件夹下,也就是说在WEB-INF "classes文件夹下的文件夹结构为:com"sinosoft"webservice,在webservice文件夹下有一个 helloservice.class文件。

测试发布的Web应用

     启动Tomcat服务,打开IE浏览器,访问地址http:host:port/ws/services,如果看到如下界面就说明AXIS部署成功了。

发布WebService

     发布WebService需要使用现有的AdminService来实现,这里我写了一个批处理文件来发布WebService,以后如果需要发布其他文件,只需要修改相应的参数就可以了。

创建deploy.wsdd文件

     文件deploy.wsdd内容如下所示:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">
   
<service name="HelloServices" provider="java:RPC">
       
<parameter name="className" value="com.sinosoft.webservice.HelloService"/>
       
<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/>
   
</service>
</deployment>

创建发布WebService服务的批处理文件

     批处理文件deploywebservice.bat内容如下:


java -cp E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"activation.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"axis-ant.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"axis-schema.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"axis.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"commons-discovery-0.2.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"commons-logging-1.0.4.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"jaxrpc.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"log4j-1.2.8.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"mailapi.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"saaj.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"xmlsec-1.3.0.jar org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient -lhttp://localhost:8090/ws/services/AdminService deploy.wsdd

     其中E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib是存放axis对应的jar文件的文件夹,现在将所有的jar文件都加入到classpath中进行执行。

     -l后的参数是本地要发布WebService的AdminService对应的访问地址。

     最后deploy.wsdd是对应的配置文件名称。

发布WebService服务

     将deploy.wsdd文件和deploywebservice.bat文件复制到同一个文件夹下,执行deploywebservice.bat批处理文件,就可以将deploy.wsdd中描述的Java类发布为WebService。发布完成之后在访问http://host:port/ws/services如下图所示:

从上图可以看出,发布成功后,多了一个HelloServices的服务。这样就说明HelloService发布成功了。

查看HelloServices的wsdl

     访问http://host:port/ws/services/HelloServices?wsdl可以看到如下wsdl的内容:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.3
Built on Oct 05, 2005 (05:23:37 EDT)
-->

  
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse">

     
<wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>

  
</wsdl:message>

  
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">

     
<wsdl:part name="sayHelloToPersonReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>

  
</wsdl:message>

  
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">

     
<wsdl:part name="name" type="soapenc:string"/>

  
</wsdl:message>

  
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest">

  
</wsdl:message>

  
<wsdl:portType name="HelloService">

     
<wsdl:operation name="sayHello">

        
<wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/>

        
<wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/>

     
</wsdl:operation>

     
<wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson" parameterOrder="name">

        
<wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloToPersonRequest" name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"/>

        
<wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloToPersonResponse" name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"/>

     
</wsdl:operation>

  
</wsdl:portType>

  
<wsdl:binding name="HelloServicesSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloService">

     
<wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>

     
<wsdl:operation name="sayHello">

        
<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>

        
<wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest">

           
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>

        
</wsdl:input>

        
<wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse">

           
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>

        
</wsdl:output>

     
</wsdl:operation>

     
<wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson">

        
<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>

        
<wsdl:input name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">

           
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>

        
</wsdl:input>

        
<wsdl:output name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">

           
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>

        
</wsdl:output>

     
</wsdl:operation>

  
</wsdl:binding>

  
<wsdl:service name="HelloServiceService">

     
<wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloServicesSoapBinding" name="HelloServices">

        
<wsdlsoap:address location="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices"/>

     
</wsdl:port>

  
</wsdl:service>

</wsdl:definitions>

用Java调用WebService实例

     下面是用Java调用刚发布的WebService例子。


/*
* File name: TestHelloService.java
*
* Version: v1.0
*
* Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:54:10 AM
*
* Designed by Stephen
*
* (c)Copyright 2008
*/
package test.com.sinosoft.webservice;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;

import org.apache.axis.client.Call;
import org.apache.axis.client.Service;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

/**
*
@author Stephen
*
* 测试调用WebService
*/
public class TestHelloService {
   
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestHelloService.class);
   
private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = "http://localhost:8090/ws/services/HelloServices?wsdl";

   
public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestHelloService tester
= new TestHelloService();
       
// tester.callSayHello();
        tester.callSayHelloToPerson();
    }

   
public void callSayHello() {
       
try {
            Service service
= new Service();
            Call call
= (Call) service.createCall();
            call.setTargetEndpointAddress(
new java.net.URL(
                    HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));
            call.setOperationName(
new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/",
                   
"sayHello"));
            call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);
           
try {
                String ret
= (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {});
                System.out.println(
"The return value is:" + ret);
               
return;
            }
catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
catch (ServiceException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        log.error(
"call sayHello service error!");
    }

   
public void callSayHelloToPerson() {
       
try {
            Service service
= new Service();
            Call call
= (Call) service.createCall();
            call.setTargetEndpointAddress(
new java.net.URL(
                    HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));
            call.setOperationName(
new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/",
                   
"sayHelloToPerson"));
            call.addParameter(
"name", org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING,
                    javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);
            call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);
           
try {
                String ret
= (String) call.invoke(new Object[] { "Stephen" });
                System.out.println(
"The return value is:" + ret);
               
return;
            }
catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
catch (ServiceException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        log.error(
"call sayHello service error!");
    }
}
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