在CentOS7中安装Oracle 11g

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-14 14:24:24 发布

fundawang

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-14 14:24:24 发布

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分类专栏：系统管理与维护文章标签： oracle centos

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本文档详细介绍了如何在特定环境中准备并安装Oracle11g数据库系统，包括所需的软件包安装、系统配置调整、用户及组创建、静默安装过程、服务脚本编写以及防火墙配置等关键步骤。

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本教程适合进行汇文系统的准备

下载 Oracle 11g的安装文件备用(2个zip文件)

安装所必须的软件包

binutils
compat-libcap1
compat-libstdc++-33.i686
compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64
gcc
gcc-c++
glibc.i686 
glibc.x86_64 
glibc-devel.i686 
glibc-devel.x86_64 
ksh
libaio.i686 
libaio.x86_64 
libaio-devel.i686 
libaio-devel.x86_64 
libgcc.i686 
libgcc.x86_64 
libstdc++.i686 
libstdc++.x86_64 
libstdc++-devel.i686 
libstdc++-devel.x86_64 
libXi.i686 
libXi.x86_64 
libXtst.i686 
libXtst.x86_64 
pam
make
sysstat
unixODBC

创建必须的组与用户

# groupadd oinstall
# groupadd dba
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

修改系统配置文件，添加关于内核的参数

# cat /usr/lib/sysctl.d/oradb.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# cat /etc/security/limits.d/oradb.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack  10240

创建必须的目录

# mkdir -p /u01/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/

创建oracle响应文件用于静默安装
将oracle安装文件解压到 /home/oracle/database 下

$ cat /home/oracle/database/response/libsys.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,es,de,it,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=XXXXxxxx
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/home/oracle/oradata
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

静默安装oracle

$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/libsys.rsp

等待提示完成，运行指示的脚本

创建 systemd service 文件，并设置开机即启动

$ cat /home/oracle/scripts/startup.sh
===== CUT HERE =====
#!/bin/bash

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
ORAENV_ASK=YES

# Start Listener
lsnrctl start

# Start Database
sqlplus / as sysdba << EOF
STARTUP;
EXIT;
EOF
===== CUT HERE =====

$ cat /home/oracle/scripts/shutdown.sh
===== CUT HERE =====
#!/bin/bash

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
ORAENV_ASK=YES

# Stop Database
sqlplus / as sysdba << EOF
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
EXIT;
EOF

# Stop Listener
lsnrctl stop
===== CUT HERE =====


# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/dbora.service
===== CUT HERE =====
[Unit]
Description=The Oracle Database Service
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
# systemd ignores PAM limits, so set any necessary limits in the service.
# Not really a bug, but a feature.
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=754285
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
LimitNOFILE=65535

#Type=simple
# idle: similar to simple, the actual execution of the service binary is delayed
#       until all jobs are finished, which avoids mixing the status output with shell output of services.
RemainAfterExit=yes
User=oracle
Group=oinstall
ExecStart=/home/oracle/scripts/startup.sh >> /home/oracle/scripts/startup_shutdown.log 2>&1 &
ExecStop=/home/oracle/scripts/shutdown.sh >> /home/oracle/scripts/startup_shutdown.log 2>&1

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
===== CUT HERE =====

# systemctl enable dbora

开放防火墙

# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent

修改账户的生命周期
默认情况下，oracle用户密码的生命周期是180天，180天之后必须修改密码。将生命周期更改为无限制，可以避免以后产生的无法登录的问题
```
# sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;
```

自动备份脚本
在服务器本地环境下，使用expdp/impdp这种泵导入导出，比exp/imp这种客户端导入导出速度要快

# cat backup.sh
#!/bin/bash

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
ORAENV_ASK=YES

MDATE=`date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S'`

# export db
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
expdp libsys/libsys dumpfile=$MDATE.dmp logfile=$MDATE.log compression=ALL 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
mv /u01/app/oracle/admin/$ORACLE_SID/dpdump/$MDATE.* /home/oracle/backup

# delete files more than 7 days
find /home/oracle/backup -ctime +10 -name '*.dmp' -exec rm -f {} \;