ubuntu扩容磁盘空间

1.添加磁盘
物理机：购买硬盘并连接至设备
虚拟机：添加磁盘
2.reboot重启，然后查看磁盘是否添加成功

lsblk      //查看磁盘分区情况

磁盘为sda、sdb以此类推
举例：

esu@esu:~$ lsblk
	NAME               MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
	fd0                  2:0    1    4K  0 disk 
	sda                  8:0    0   16G  0 disk 
	├─sda1               8:1    0  487M  0 part /boot
	├─sda2               8:2    0    1K  0 part 
	└─sda5               8:5    0 15.5G  0 part 
	  ├─esu--vg-root   252:0    0 13.5G  0 lvm  /
	  └─esu--vg-swap_1 252:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
	sdb                  8:16   0    4G  0 disk 
	sr0                 11:0    1  825M  0 rom  

sdb为新增加的磁盘，还未分区
3.为新增加的磁盘分区

fdisk /dev/sdb

fdisk命令详解：

		DOS (MBR)
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit nested BSD disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

  Generic
   d   delete a partition                           //删除一个分区
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition                          //新增一个分区
   p   print the partition table                    //显示分区表
   t   change a partition type                      //更改分区类型
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu                              //显示帮助菜单
   u   change display/entry units
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit                 //保存更改并退出
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table

输入 n 新建分区后，依次选择分区类型、分区号、分区头、分区尾，即可创建新分区

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7290aae2

Device     Boot Start     End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1        2048 8388607 8386560   4G 83 Linux

sdb1即为新建的分区
4.格式化分区，为分区分配文件系统

mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

5.将新分区临时挂载至需要的文件目录下

mount /dev/sdb1 /home/esu/newdisk/

将新分区永久挂载至需要的文件目录下

vim /etc/fstab 

按格式添加分区与挂载目录并保存退出
执行以下命令使更改生效

mount -a

6.查看磁盘使用情况

df -h

查看指定目录的磁盘使用情况

du -h [path]

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新增将新分区加入vg-lv的相关内容：

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新分区建立完成后，不要格式化该分区为ext4，重新进入分区界面

fdisk /dev/sdb

输入t将分区格式改为lvm

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4, default 4):
Partition type or alias (type L to list all): lvm

Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.

注：如输入lvm不成功则输入L列出所有类型，然后选择lvm对应的序号

输入w写入分区表

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

创建PV（物理卷）

$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.

查看PV

$ sudo pvdisplay
  "/dev/sda4" is a new physical volume of "9.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name
  PV Size               4.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0

扩容vg（卷组）

$ sudo vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sda4
  Volume group "ubuntu-vg" successfully extended

注：命令中"ubuntu-vg","/dev/sda4"等要做针对性修改，修改为自己实际的卷组名称和分区

查看卷组

$ sudo vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  VG Size               23.24 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              5950
  Alloc PE / Size       3647 / <14.25 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2303 / <9.00 GiB

扩容lv（逻辑卷）

$ sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <14.25 GiB (3647 extents) to 23.24 GiB (5950 extents).
  Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.

查看逻辑卷

$ sudo lvdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  VG Size               23.24 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              5950
  Alloc PE / Size       5950 / 23.24 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0

执行修改

$ sudo resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is now 6092800 (4k) blocks long.

查看结果

$ df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                              197M  1.6M  195M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   23G  9.2G   13G  43% /
tmpfs                              983M     0  983M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                          1.7G  253M  1.4G  16% /boot
tmpfs                              197M  4.0K  197M   1% /run/user/1000