7款最佳的Linux发行版本(The Top 7 Best Linux Distributions for You)

There are various approaches to answering this question. The broad answer is: "any of them," but that's not very helpful if you're just looking for a place to start.

对于这个问题有很多种答案,最好的回答的是:他们中的任何一种。但是我如果这样回答的话,您也就没必要看这篇文章了。


The problem is, there never can be one best Linux distribution for everyone, because the needs of each user tend to be unique. Telling someone who's looking for a good introductory distribution to try Gentoo, for instance, would be a mistake because for all its positive qualities, Gentoo is decidedly not a beginner's distro.

现在的问题是,没有哪种版本能够适合所有的人,因为人人需求不同。比如说,您让某个人去玩Gentoo,而恰恰这个人需要的是入门级的Linux的话,显然Gentoo不适合他咯。


All too often, Linux aficionados will tend to list the distributions they like as the best, which is fair, but if they are not aware of their audience, they could suggest something that does not meet that person's needs. Finding a good Linux distribution is like finding a good match in an online dating service: good looks aren't the only quality upon which to judge a Linux distro.

Linux的骨灰级粉丝们通常把他们喜欢的版本推荐给您,这还说得过去,但是如果他们没有从那些菜鸟的角度去考虑问题的话,他们推荐的版本或许并不符合菜鸟们的需求。找到一款合适的版本就像是在进行网上约会:不仅要好看而且要中用。


To help users discover the Linux distribution that's best for them, this resource will definitively list the best candidates for the various types of Linux users to try. The use-case categories will be:

为了帮助使用者们挖掘哪款版本最适合他们,这篇文章将会将为不同Linux版本的使用者列出最佳的候选名单,这些用列类别是:

  • Best Desktop Distribution
  • Best Laptop Distribution
  • Best Enterprise Desktop
  • Best Enterprise Server
  • Best LiveCD
  • Best Security-Enhanced Distribution
  • Best Multimedia Distribution
省略。。。(这个就不要译了吧)

Once you find the best Linux distribution for your needs, you can visit our Linux Migration Guides to assist you in installing and using the one you'd like to try.

一旦您选择了最适合您的发行版本,您可以前往,Linux Migration Guides,他会指导您安装。

Best Linux Desktop Distribution

There are a lot of Linux distributions that have the primary focus of becoming the next best desktop replacement for Windows or OS X. Of all the categories in this list, this is the most sought-after, and contentious, group of distros.

有许多竞争力的Linux的发行版本有雄心取代Windows 或者是 OS X,在所有名单当中选项当中(Desktop),是最热门,引起争议最大的。


While it would be ideal to include many distributions on this list, the reality is that there really needs to be just one "best" Linux distribution. For early 2010, that distro has to be Canonical's Ubuntu.

尽管可以列出很多比较好的版本,但是最佳的发行版本当属Canonical公司的Ubuntu了。


Ubuntu  ideal its closest contendersFedora and openSUSE, because its development team is constantly focused on the end-user experience. Canonical and the Ubuntu community have spent a lot of time and resources on bringing ease-of-use tools to this distribution, particularly in the area of installing Ubuntu and installing applications within Ubuntu.

Ubuntu理想追近他的竞争者Fedora 和 openSUSE,因为他们的开发团队一直都注重最终用户的体验的。Canonical公司和 Ubuntu社区花费了很多时间以及资源,使得该版本有着好用的工具,特别是在安装Ubuntu系统以及安装软件方面上。


In addition, Ubuntu's level of support for its desktop products is highly superior, which is important in this class of distributions since it is the most likely to contain users new to Linux. Both the official and unofficial Ubuntu documentation is robust and searchable, a big plus.

另外,Ubuntu在支持他的Desktop方面更加的优秀,这是尤其重要的,因为他们将面对的是Linux的菜鸟,不管是官方的还是非官方的文档都很稳定,易于搜索的,这又是一大优点。

Best Linux Laptop Distribution

Laptop distributions almost fall into the same category as desktop users, but there are a number of key differences that make the criteria for evaluating a good laptop distribution important. Power management, docking tools, and wireless ease-of-use are critical to users on the go, as is having a distro that meets those needs.

Laptop版本几乎和Desktop版本的用户一样,有很多重要的因素来评价Laptop的好与坏,电源管理,扩展,无线这些对用户来说都很重要,这也是该版本所需求的。


Right now, the best laptop distribution is openSUSE, one of the lead contenders for the desktop honors. On the laptop, openSUSE shines with great connectivity tools, such as an easy-to-use networking toolset that not only handles WiFi connectivity, but also CDMA/cellular modem connections.

如今,最佳Laptop版本是 openSUSE,Desktop领域的主要的竞争者,在该版本上,openSUSE在诸如它不仅可以使用Wifi,而且可以使用CDMA的便捷的联网工具上而牛鼻。


openSUSE also deals with docking stations for laptops very well, including dual-monitor management on the fly. Power management is very granular, which is great for detailing various power needs you might find yourself needing.

openSUSE在扩展方面做的同样出色,包括运行过程中支持双显,电源管理技术非常细致,对于您来说在细化电源方面很有用。


Best Linux Enterprise Desktop

This category is replete with great contenders as well, and it's difficult to highlight just one. At the end of the day, though, the nod must be given to SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (SLED).

在Enterprise这个版本中,竞争者同样很多,很难授予,最后我们还是必须要把最佳版本授予SLED的。


The reason is simple: while SLED and its primary competitor Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop are nearly identical in features and support performance, SLED has the advantage of the openSUSE Build Service, a free and open service that lets applications be built and delivered to SUSE Linux and openSUSE products (as well as Red Hat and CentOS).

原因很简单,尽管SLED和他的主要竞争对手RHEL在功能和支持方面表现的同样出色,但是SLED在openSUSE Build Service做得更好,一项免费并且开源的服务,他能能让您安装应用并且可以传递到SUSE和openSUSE产品中(Redhat和CentOS也可以)。


This is a very important differentiator in enterprise desktop development, as it means that SLED has the current advantage of application building and deployment in the enterprise arena.

这在Enterprise开发当中是很重要的,因为它以为着SLED当前在应用搭建和在企业部署架构很占优势。


Best Linux Enterprise Server

Again, in this category it really comes down to two main contenders: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES). Given the pick for the Enterprise Desktop category, you might expect SLES to get the "best of" label here.

在企业Server上,又出现了两个主要的竞争对手。RHEL和SLES,鉴于在Enterprise Desktop中的表现,您可能期望SLES在该项中获优。


But, when all factors for the enterprise server are weighed, RHEL is still the king of this particular hill.

然后,当我们把所有因素考虑进去后,RHEL仍然一枝独秀,再次获得桂冠。


Red Hat edges out Novell with its server product, because RHEL users get a deeply mature distribution, and Red Hat's support structure is second to none in the enterprise channels.

Redhat略胜Novell公司的服务,因为RHEL用户获得的版本比较成熟,同时Redhat公司的服务体系在企业界是绝无仅有的。

Best Linux LiveCD

As Linux technology improves, users can easily choose the LiveCD version of practically any of the Linux distros listed here to get the best LiveCD experience for their needs.

随着Linux技术的发展,用户可以很容易选择使用LiveCD的版本满足他们的需求。


There is a specialized class of LiveCDs, however, that offers users utilities and tools for the specific purpose of repairing existing Linux and Windows installations. These distros are very useful to have regardless of what primary Linux distribution you like to use, because in a crisis they are invaluable to own.

关于LiveCD有好多的特殊版本,然而,那也提供给用户更多的选择以此来满足他们不同的需求,这种版本很有价值,尤其是在系统出现问题的时候。


In this class of distribution, KNOPPIX is hands-down the most complete and useful distro. Loaded on a CD or USB storage device, KNOPPIX will let you recover from nearly any rare Linux system crash as well as the much-less-rare Windows breakdowns.

在该类版本中,KNOPPIX显然是最完善有用的一个版本。通过CD或者USB,KNOPPIX可以让您从崩溃的系统中恢复。


Best Linux Security-Enhanced Distribution

Linux is inherently very secure compared to other operating systems, but there's always room for improvement.

与其他操作系统相比,linux自身具有很高安全性,但依旧有发展空间。


One of the challenges for locking down Linux is if you are not careful, you can take away too much functionality. Another challenge is that the best security-oriented Linux distro, SELinux, is historically known to be difficult to configure correctly. Still, if security out of the box is your priority, this is the best place to begin.

对于linux,其中之一的挑战是,如果您不够仔细,您将不能很好的驾驭它。另一个挑战则是,一直以来人们一直熟知的最安全的版本SELinux是很难正确操作的。 并且,如果您不考虑安全问题,那么这将是开始的最好地方。


Another approach is the white hat method: using security and forensic tools to examine your existing installation, determine the holes, then lock your system down based on what gaps you find. If you have the time and inclination, this is a great way to do it, because this will get any existing system more secure right away.

另一个办法是白帽子法:通过安全工具来检测您目前已经安装的软件,查找漏洞,然后关闭您的系统。如果您有时间并拥有这样的倾向,那么这将是一个非常好的办法。因为这将使您现存的系统更加安全。


For the white hat approach, the best distribution is BackTrack Linux, a dedicated penetration testing distro that will enable you to safely try to crack any system you are caretaking. Its toolset and strong community give it the advantage in this category.

对于白帽子法,最好的版本就是BackTrack Linux,您可以安全地进入任何您想测试的系统。 在这一方面,其工具设定与强大社区队给予了优势。


Best Linux Multimedia Distribution

General Linux distributions have come a long way in terms of multimedia performance. Rare is the audio or video file that can't be played on Linux. Music services such as Rhapsody and video sites like YouTube and Hulu are also standards-compliant and accessible to Linux users.

在多媒体播放这一方面,通常的Linux版本由来已久。很少有音像或图像能在Linux 上使用的。 诸如Rhapsody以及YouTube和Hulu 也都版本符合,Linux用户来说都是可用的。


Still, for those users who are multimedia creators as well as consumers, there are Linux distributions that contain powerful tools for audio and video editing.

并且对于那些多媒体的创作者们来说,现有的linux分版本具备了相当强的对音频及图像处理的工具。


The best in this class is currently Ubuntu Studio. For audio, video, and graphic production, it contains a very complete set of tools, as well as format and codec support for a huge range of multimedia formats.

在这方面目前最好的是Ubuntu Studio。对于音频、视频以及图画的创作,它包含非常完备的工具体系,并且能够支持大规模的格式化以及编码支持。


The applications contained in Ubuntu Studio are the same or similar to those used by major studios to create cutting edge work, so users are getting the best apps, coupled with the strong support ethos already found in the Ubuntu community.

Ubuntu Studio中所包含的那些功能,与大多数工作室进行剪辑工作所使用的工具相同或相似。 所以用户得到了最好的功能,再加上Ubuntu社区以及出现的那些强有力的支持特质。


In Linux there are as many opinions as there are lines of code. This represents one view of the best in Linux. What's yours?

在Linux中,有多少代码就有多少意见。那您的看法呢?



作者介绍:

Brian Proffitt

I am a Linux and Open Source expert, having worked as a member of the Linux media as well as the Linux Foundation. My off-hour activities include Habitat for Humanity, taekwondo, and being the lucky dad of three fantastic daughters. Follow me on Twitter @LinuxScribe. 

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