css的介绍

一、css的简介

        1、什么是css

                    层叠样式表,css是对html进行样式修饰的语言

                    层叠:就是层层覆盖叠加,如果不同的css样式对同一个html标签进行修饰,样式有冲突的部分应用优先级高的,不冲突的部分就共同作用

                    样式表:就是css属性样式的集合

        2、css的作用

                    (1)修饰html的,使其html样式更加好看

                    (2)提高样式代码的复用性

                     (3)html的内容与样式相分离,便于后期维护

        3、css的引入方式和书写规范

                    (1)内嵌样式

                                        内嵌样式是把css的代码嵌入到html标签中

                                        <div style=color:red;font-size:100px;>你好</div>

                                        语法:

                                                (1)使用style属性将样式嵌入到html标签中

                                                (2)属性的写法:属性:属性值

                                                (3)多个属性之间使用分号“;”隔开

                                            不建议使用

                    (2)内部样式

                                    在head标签中使用style标签进行css的引入

                                    <style type=""text/css>

                                                div{color:red;font-size:100px}

                                    </style>

                                    语法:

                                            (1)使用style标签进行css的引入

                                                            <style  type="text/css">

                                                                        属性:type:告知浏览器使用css解析器去解析

                                                (2)属性的写法:属性:属性值

                                                (3)多个属性之间使用分号“;”隔开

                        (3)外部样式

                                        将css样式抽取成一个单独的css文件,谁去使用谁就引用

                                        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="demo1.css">

                                        语法:

                                                   (1)创建css文件,将css属性写在css文件中

                                                    (2)在head中使用link标签进行引入

                                                                        <link rel="stylesheet" type=""text/css  href="css文件地址"/>

                                                                        rel:代表要引入的文件与html的关系

                                                                        type:告知浏览器使用css解析器去解析

                                                                        href:css文件的地址

                                                    (3)属性的写法:属性:属性值

                                                        (4)多个属性之间使用分号“;”隔开

                                (4)@import方式

                                                <style type=""text/css>

                                                                @import url("css地址")

                                                 </style>

                                                link与@import方式的区别:

                                                            (1)link所以浏览器都支持 import部分低版本ie不支持

                                                                (2)import方式是等待html加载完毕之后在加载

                                                                (3)import方式不支持js的动态修改

二、css选择器

            1、基本选择器

                        (1)元素选择器

                                        语法:html标签名{css属性}

                                        示例:

                                                <span>hello css!!!</span>

                                                <style type=""texts/css>

                                                        span{color:red;font-size:100px;}

                                                </style>

                                (2)id选择器          id唯一性

                                                语法:#id的值{css属性}

                                                示例:

                                                        <div id="div1">hello css1!!!</div>

                                                        <div id="div2">hello css2!!!</div>

                                                        <style>

                                                                #div1{background-color:red}

                                                                #div2{background-color:pink}

                                                        </style>

                            (3)class选择器

                                        语法:.class的值{css属性}

                                        示例:

                                                <div class=“style1”>div1</style>

                                                <div class="style1">div2</div>

                                                <div class="style2">div3</div>

                                                  <style type="text/css">

                                                            .style1{background-color:red}

                                                            .style2{background-color:pink}

                                                    </style>

                                      ***选择器的优先级:id>class>元素

          2、属性选择器

                        语法:基本选择器[属性=‘属性值’]{css属性}

                        示例:<form action="">

                                            name:<input type=""text/><br/>

                                            pass:<input type="password"/><br/>

                                    </form>

                                    <style  type="text/css">

                                                input[type='text']{background-color:yellow}

                                                input[type=‘password’]{background-color:pink}

                                    </style>

            3、伪元素选择器

                            a标签的伪元素选择器

                                    语法:静止状态   a:link{css属性}

                                              悬浮状态   a:hover{css属性}

                                                触发状态  a:active{css属性}

                                                完成状态   a:visited{css属性}

                                    示例:

                                            <a href="#">点击我吧</a>

                                            <style type="text/css">

                                                        a:link{color:bule}

                                                        a:hover{color:red}    

                                                        a:activity{color:yellow}

                                                        a:visited{color:green}

                                            </style>

                4、层级选择器

                                  语法:父级选择器 子级选择器......

                                    示例:<div  id=""d1>

                                                        <div  class="dd1">

                                                                    <span>span1-1</span>

                                                        </div>

                                                        <div class="dd2">

                                                                    <span>span1-2</span>

                                                        </div>

                                               </div>

                                               <div id="d2">

                                                                <div  class="dd1">

                                                                                      <span>span1-1<span>

                                                                </div>

                                                                <div class="dd2">

                                                                        <span>span1-2<span>

                                                                </div>

                                                </div>

                                                <style  type="text/css">

                                                            #d1.dd2 span{color:red}

                                                </style>

三、css属性

    1、文字属性

                  font-size:大小

                  font-family:字体类型

    2、文本属性

                    color:颜色

                    text-decoration:下划线

                                属性值:none           underline

                     text-align:对齐方式

                                     属性值:left    center    right

                                     <div>hello css!!!</div>

                                    <a href="#">click me!!!</a>

                                    <style  type="text/css">

                                                div{color:red;text-decoration:underline;text-align:right}

                                                a{text-decoration:none}

                                    </style>

        3、背景属性

                        background-color:背景颜色

                        background-image:背景图片

                                    属性值:url("图片地址")

                        background-repeat:平铺方式

                                            属性值:默认横向纵向平铺

                                                                    repeat:横向纵向平铺

                                                                    no-repeat:不平铺

                                                                    repeat-y:纵向

                                                                    repeat-x:横向

                 body{
    background-color: black;
            background-image: url("images/dog.gif");
    background-repeat: repeat-y;

        }

          4、列表属性

                         list-style-type:列表项前的小标志

                                        属性值:太多了

                          list-style-image:列表项前的小图片

                                        属性值:url("图片地址");

                                        <ul>

                                                    <li>程序员</li>

                                                      <li>程序员</li>

                                        </ul>

                                        <style type="text/css">

                                            /*ui{list-style-type:decimal-leading-zero;}*/

                                            ul{list-style-type:url("images/forward.gif");}

                                        </style>

            5、尺寸属性

                        width:宽度

                        height:高度

                                    <div id="d1">div1</div>

                                     <div id="d2">div2</div>

                                    <style  type="text/css">

                                                #d1{background-color:red;width:200px;height:200px}

                                                #d2{background-color:pink;width:200px;height:200px}

                                    </style>

            6、显示属性

                        display:

                                属性值:none:隐藏

                                                               block:块级显示

                                                                inline:行级显示

                                <form  action="">

                                                name:<input id="name" type="text"/><span id="span">对不起,输入不符合</span> 

                                                <br/>

                                                pass:<input id="pass" type="password">

                                                 <br/>  

                                                <input id="btn" type="button" value="button">

                                </form>      

                                <style   type="text/css">

                                            span{color:red;display:none}

                                </style> 

                                <script  type="text/Javascript ">

                                            document.getElementById("btn").onclick=function(){

                                             document.getElemengtById("span").style.display="inline";

                                                }

                                </script> 

        7、浮动属性

                    float:

                            属性值:left    right

                                                              clear:清除浮动left  right  both

                            缺点:(1)影响相邻元素不能正常显示

                                        (2)影响父元素不能正常显示


四、css盒子模型

            border:

                         border-width:边框的宽度

                          border-color:边框的颜色

                        border-style:边框的线型


                        border-top:上边框

                        border-bottom:下边框

                        border-left:左边框

                        border-right:有边框

    

        padding:

                        代表边框内壁与内部元素之间的距离

                        padding:10px;代表上下左右都是10px

                        padding:1px 2px 3px 4px;上右下左

                        padding:1px   2px;上下/左右

                         padding:1px  2px  3px

                        padding-top:单独设置

        margin:

                       代表边框外壁与其它元素之间的距离

                        margin:10px;代表上下左右都是10px

                          margin:1px 2px 3px 4px;上右下左
            margin:1px 2px;上下/左右
            margin:1px 2px 3px;
            margin-top:单独设置                                     

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