Linux子系统固定IP和代理设置

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-13 15:17:59 发布

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#linux #运维 #服务器

Windows subsystem for Linux 专栏收录该内容

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一、导读

环境：OpenEuler、Windows 11、WSL 2

背景：代码在Linux中运行，Windows可以使用代理，而子系统不行，代码无法正常运行

时间：20250226

说明：实现LangGraph自动画图模块，报错，发现访问失败，此处记录一下如何配置

二、配置固定IP

众所周知，windows 会通过虚拟交换机给本机和 wsl2（Linux 子系统）分别分配 ip。于是本机重启或重启 wsl 服务的时候会重新分配 ip。之前所作的端口转发，监听之类的都会失效。

而如果你搜索 “如何固定 wsl 的 ip”，又会得到一系列复杂的配置方法。

且不说是否有用，但这一系列操作十分令人头疼。

但是，如果你的 windows 是 win11 22H2 以上，情况就不一样了。仅需一个配置文件，就能让 wsl 与 windows 共享 ip。

仅需在Windows中的C:\Users<your_username>目录下创建一个.wslconfig文件，然后在文件中写入如下内容

[experimental]
autoMemoryReclaim=gradual  
networkingMode=mirrored
dnsTunneling=true
firewall=true
autoProxy=true

保存后重启一下 wsl 终端。

三、使用系统代理

由于LangGraph实现以下方法时，需要科学上网

graph.get_graph().draw_mermaid_png()

Windows主机可以实现，但是子系统却无法连接，所以执行代码时报错，如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 667, in send
    resp = conn.urlopen(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 841, in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 519, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason  # type: ignore[arg-type]
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='mermaid.ink', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /img/JSV7aW5pdDogeydmbG93Y2hhcnQnOiB7J2N1cnZlJzogJ2xpbmVhcid9fX0lJQpncmFwaCBURDsKCV9fc3RhcnRfXyhbPHA+X19zdGFydF9fPC9wPl0pOjo6Zmlyc3QKCWNoYXRib3QoY2hhdGJvdCkKCV9fZW5kX18oWzxwPl9fZW5kX188L3A+XSk6OjpsYXN0CglfX3N0YXJ0X18gLS0+IGNoYXRib3Q7CgljaGF0Ym90IC0tPiBfX2VuZF9fOwoJY2xhc3NEZWYgZGVmYXVsdCBmaWxsOiNmMmYwZmYsbGluZS1oZWlnaHQ6MS4yCgljbGFzc0RlZiBmaXJzdCBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MAoJY2xhc3NEZWYgbGFzdCBmaWxsOiNiZmI2ZmMK?type=png&bgColor=!white (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f3043f010d0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 101] Network is unreachable'))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/langchain_learn/langgraph_tt/langgraph_init.py", line 21, in <module>
    qa_async_png = graph.get_graph().draw_mermaid_png()
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/graph.py", line 630, in draw_mermaid_png
    return draw_mermaid_png(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/graph_mermaid.py", line 214, in draw_mermaid_png
    img_bytes = _render_mermaid_using_api(
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/graph_mermaid.py", line 336, in _render_mermaid_using_api
    response = requests.get(image_url, timeout=10)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 73, in get
    return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 59, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 589, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 703, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/jack/langchain_test/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 700, in send
    raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='mermaid.ink', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /img/JSV7aW5pdDogeydmbG93Y2hhcnQnOiB7J2N1cnZlJzogJ2xpbmVhcid9fX0lJQpncmFwaCBURDsKCV9fc3RhcnRfXyhbPHA+X19zdGFydF9fPC9wPl0pOjo6Zmlyc3QKCWNoYXRib3QoY2hhdGJvdCkKCV9fZW5kX18oWzxwPl9fZW5kX188L3A+XSk6OjpsYXN0CglfX3N0YXJ0X18gLS0+IGNoYXRib3Q7CgljaGF0Ym90IC0tPiBfX2VuZF9fOwoJY2xhc3NEZWYgZGVmYXVsdCBmaWxsOiNmMmYwZmYsbGluZS1oZWlnaHQ6MS4yCgljbGFzc0RlZiBmaXJzdCBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MAoJY2xhc3NEZWYgbGFzdCBmaWxsOiNiZmI2ZmMK?type=png&bgColor=!white (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f3043f010d0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 101] Network is unreachable'))

1、查看系统IP地址

cat /etc/resolv.conf

# 输出
nameserver 172.19.80.1

2、配置代理

假设你的代理客户端在Windows上运行，并监听端口7890。你可以在Linux子系统中设置环境变量来使用这个代理，在相应的Linux子系统上执行

export ALL_PROXY="http://172.19.80.1:7890"

3、测试

curl -I https://mermaid.ink

正确输出

HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established

HTTP/2 200 
date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 09:00:00 GMT
content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin: *
vary: Origin
vary: Accept-Encoding
cf-cache-status: DYNAMIC
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=UnBNT0xCLu%2F7PNZfjxcGpPNX08S0duoZdfcchAth%2BnClmzQC3D7HiermCiM1COBz20iLq9HF7Eb4Zo4IFpwYfGScVcZh%2FBgkEyQ8U4ajOEILcKtYXOGdv%2Bdvuz6mlw%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
server: cloudflare
cf-ray: 917ebe0738ef593d-IAD
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=TCP&rtt=9472&min_rtt=7325&rtt_var=4248&sent=6&recv=10&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=3425&recv_bytes=747&delivery_rate=269745&cwnd=231&unsent_bytes=0&cid=9f940513285c4823&ts=476&x=0"

再次运行代码，则可以实现图片生成了