Note of Writing in the Science

本文提供科研写作的全面指导,包括如何引入工作、有效写作原则、段落构建技巧及写作流程步骤。从文献回顾到定义研究问题,再到阐述研究方法与重要性,文章详细介绍了撰写科学论文的各个环节。

写作:1.书籍《Science Research Writing》《Academic Phrasebank》《They say I say 2014版》

2.斯坦福网课 Writing in the Science   

3.网址:www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk  模板句式

4. https://www.aacc.org/publications/clinical-chemistry/clinical-chemistry%C2%A0guide-to-scientific-writing

 

1. Introducing work:

A.介绍相关背景,话题的重要性

B.简要的回顾相关的研究文献 ----->Known//Unknown

C.定义待解决的问题-------->Question/Aim

D.说明解决方案的关键技术和方法--------->Mothed/Approach/

E.阐述研究的重要性

F.定义关键术语

G.提供文章的结构概述

 

Principles of effective writing:

  1. Cut unnecessary words and phrases; learn to part with your words  删繁就简
  2. Use the active voice (subject + verb+ object)    主动语态
  3. Write with verbs : use strong verbs, avoid turning verbs into nouns, and don’t bury the main verb  动词代替名词

 

Paragraph-level tips:

  1. 1 paragraph= 1 idea   一段一个中心
  2. give away the punch line early     开始提出中心句
  3. paragraph flow is helped by:
    1. logical flow of ideas   
    2. parallel sentence structures
    3. if necessary, transition words
  4. Your reader remembers the first sentence and the last sentence best, Make the last sentence memorable. Emphasis at the end!

 

logical flow of ideas:

  1. Sequential in time    按照时间顺序
  2. General to specific     由一般到特殊
  3. logical arguments (if A then B, A; therefore B)   逻辑顺序

 

Steps in the writing progress:

  1. Prewriting
    1. Collect, synthesize, and organize information
    2. Brainstorm take-home messages
    3. Work out ideas away from the computer
    4. Develop a road map/outline
  2. Writing the first draft
    1. Putting your facts and ideas together in organized prose
  3. Revision
    1. Read your work out loud
    2. Get rid of clutter
    3. Do a verb check
    4. Get feedback from others

 

Introduction:

  1. What’s known
  2. What’s unknown
    1. limitations and gaps in previous studies
  3. Your burning question/hypothesis/aim
  4. Your experimental approach
  5. Why your experimental approach is new and different and important

 

Tips for Introduction:

  1. Keep paragraphs short
  2. Write for general audience
    1. clear concise non-technical
  3. Take the reader step by step from what is known to what is unknown. End with your specific question.
    1. Known->Unknown->question/hypothesis
  4. Emphasize how your study fills in the gaps (the unknown)
  5. Explicitly state your research question/aim/hypothesis:
    1. we asked whether; our hypothesis was; we tested the hypothesis that; our aims were
  6. Do not answer the research question (no results or implications)
  7. summarize at a high level! leave detailed descriptions speculations, and criticisms of particular studies for the discussion.

Abstract:

  1. Background
  2. Question/aim/hypothesis
  3. Experiments
    1. quick summary of key materials and methods
  4. Results
    1. key results found
    2. minimal raw data (prefer summaries)
  5. Conclusion: The answer to the question asked/take home message
  6. Implication, speculation, or recommendation

 

CPT001 Professional Skills in Computer Science (2024-25) Assessment Part 2 – Computers and IT Professionals in Changing Society (70% of Overall Assessment) Date due: 23:59, Sunday, 25 May 2025 1. Tasks For this assessment, you are required to write an essay of 1300-1600 words (excluding references) and a presentation of 8-12 slides. You will need to perform the following tasks. Task 1 –The rapid evolution of Information Technology (IT) has spurred numerous transformative innovations. Among these, AI—especially Generative AI (GAI)—has emerged as a groundbreaking technology, reshaping how many fields and people from various backgrounds work and learn. For this assignment, you are required to focus exclusively on GAI and examine its impact on a specific field or a particular group of people. You are tasked to: a) Analyze how GAI has revolutionized the way a specific field or particular group of people live, work, or interact. The target group should be very specific. Highlight both the positive impacts and any adverse effects. Here are several examples to inspire your choice, along with detailed b) c) d) descriptions:  Computer Science University Students: Explore how GAI has transformed their learning methods, such as coding assistance, problem-solving, or collaboration on projects, and whether it enhances or hinders their ability to develop foundational skills.  Social Media Influencers or Digital Content Creators: Investigate how AI-driven content creation tools are affecting their creative process, workflow, and authenticity. Consider whether these tools enable them to produce high-quality content more efficiently or risk homogenizing their creativity.  Older Adults: Analyze how GAI impacts the daily lives of older adults. Consider two potential scenarios:  Enhancing Information Verification: GAI tools could help older adults more effectively distinguish between authentic and fake news, potentially reducing their susceptibility to scams and misinformation.  Exacerbating Vulnerability to Scams: Conversely, scammers might exploit GAI to produce highly convincing fraudulent messages and fake news that are more difficult for older adults to discern, thereby increasing the risk of financial or emotional harm.  Other Specific Groups: You may also consider other clearly defined groups such as medical professionals, educators, or journalists—as long as you are familiar with their context and can discuss the impacts in depth. Reflect on the skills that have become critical within the targeted field or group due to the proliferation of GAI. Identify which skills are currently in demand and discuss which of these skills are expected to remain relevant and become even more critical in the future. Analyze the ethical, legal, and social issues arising from the widespread use of GAI within the selected context and group. Explain why these issues are particularly important for professionals and those working within the affected field, and tailor your discussion based on the chosen group’s specific circumstances. Propose some ideas that we as IT professionals could help address the issues you discussed. Share 3 your thoughts on ways to reduce negative effects and ensure that GAI is used responsibly and ethically in the chosen field or group. Task 2 - You are expected to find and read 3-6 references to support your writing. You should take note of the following:  You can use key words relevant to the three questions for Task 1 for searching references that you will use.  Articles in scientific journals are the most highly valued type of source while websites/blogs are the least valued; all other types of source fall between these two extremes.  Your essay must include a list of references and every reference should be cited in the main text. Task 3 – Write your essay (75% for this assessment) in Latex. You should take note of the following:  Write the assessment title, your name, student ID and programme of study in the front page.  You need to justify any claims that you make and opinions that you state either by an argument or by a reference.  Your essay must be written by you using your own words. Quotes are allowed if appropriate, limited in their extent, and clearly indicated. Plagiarism, Collusion and Fabrication of Data are serious academic offences and will be dealt with in accordance with relevant University regulations.  You should use sections (and if necessary, subsections) such as Introduction, Main content sections, Conclusions and References. No specific writing style is required but your essay should have a consistent format, e.g., consistent use of font size and face for headings, sub-headings and paragraphs.  You should include a declaration of AI usage that before the reference section, include a declaration that:  Specifies the AI Tools Used: Clearly state which AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, DeepSeek, etc.) you utilized during the process.  Details the Stages of Use: Describe at which stages you used these tools (e.g., for language polishing, brainstorming, discussion enhancement, etc.).  Accepts Responsibility: Acknowledge that you are fully responsible for the content generated, regardless of the use of any AI tools.  You can use either the Harvard or Numbering system for your reference list but be consistent throughout.  Your essay must be word-processed using Latex (which is a requirement for this assessment).  Number the pages of your essay.  Provide a word count at the end of the main body of your essay. Task 4 – Produce a PowerPoint presentation (25% for this assessment):  Write your name, student ID and programme of study in the title slide.  Your ppt presentation is based on the findings of your essay, containing 8-12 slides and forming a cohesive presentation (e.g., with introduction, outline and conclusions).  You should make use of the techniques and presentation strategies covered in Lecture 4. 2. Submission Submission proceeds in in the following way: 1) Make a PDF document of your essay, and another of your PPT; name your files using the following 4  You must use your own words with the same set of references as for your essay. 2) format: StudentID LastName _ _FirstName_Essay{PPT}.pdf (e.g., 2299999_Liu_Yu_PPT.pdf) Submit your two PDF files (Coursework Cover is not needed) via the submission link on LMO by 23:59, Sunday, 25 May 2025. 3. Assessment This assessment will directly or indirectly address the following learning outcomes of the module: a) b) c) Describe and discuss economic, historic, organisational, research and social aspects of Computer Science and the IT industry; Appraise professional, ethical, legal and social issues related to the work of a professional within the IT industry using the BCS codes of conduct and practice; Have an awareness of employability skills and the role of computing professionals. This assignment contributes 70% to the overall module grade. Marks (in percentage) will be awarded for the following: 0-10 Focus on Specific Group/Field 0-20 Description of Critical Skills 0-20 Analysis of Legal, Ethical, and Social Issues 0-10 Proposed Ideas for Solutions 0-15 Coherence and Structure (use of Latex, consistent academic writing, proper sections, bullet points, figures and tables, citations and so on) 0-10 Relevance and coverage (for ppt presentation) 0-15 Quality and style (for ppt presentation) Turnitin check: Your submission will be checked for collusion / plagiarism using Turnitin. Late submission: Late submission within 5 working days after the deadline will be accepted. A penalty of - 5% will be deducted for each working day later. No work which achieves a mark of 40 or more before the application of penalties will be reduced below the pass mark (40%) once penalties are taken into account.教我如何完成这个这个作业
05-20
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值