elasticsearch操作

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-02 10:57:05 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-07-02 10:57:05 发布

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分类专栏：大数据文章标签： elasticsearch

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/focuson_/article/details/80571070

本文详细介绍了Elasticsearch的操作，包括添加、更新和创建文档，检索、全文搜索、短语搜索、高亮搜索及聚合分析。还讨论了删除文档、查看集群健康状况、处理更新丢失问题以及文档部分更新的策略。同时提到了版本控制在避免更新冲突中的作用。

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添加

类型为employee，该类型位于索引megacorg，每个雇员索引一个文档，该文档包含该雇员的全部信息（面向文档），该雇员的id为1

需要index、type、id

curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -i http://focuson1:9200/megacorp/employee/1 --data '{
   "first_name": "John",
   "last_name": "Smith",
   "age": 25,
   "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
   "interests": [
      "sports",
      "music"
   ]
}'

添加更多的雇员
curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -i http://focuson1:9200/megacorp/employee/2 --data '{
    "first_name" :  "Jane",
    "last_name" :   "Smith",
    "age" :         32,
    "about" :       "I like to collect rock albums",
    "interests":  [ "music" ]
}'

增加索引的时候，默认会有5个主分片，主分片是在创建索引的时候就要固定的，而副本分片个数随时可修改，比如，创建一个主分片为3，副本分片为1的索引。当往es中put数据时，会按照id进行hash，然后put到对应的分片上。

[root@focuson1 ~]# curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -i http://focuson1:9200/megacorp2 --data '{
>    "settings" : {
>       "number_of_shards" : 3,
>       "number_of_replicas" : 1
>    }
> }'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
content-type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
content-length: 68

{"acknowledged":true,"shards_acknowledged":true,"index":"megacorp2"}

往es添加数据时，也可以不指定id，会自动创建id，需要使用post请求，方式如下：

[root@focuson1 ~]# curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -i http://focuson1:9200/megacorp/employee/ --data '{
>    "first_name": "John2",
>    "last_name": "Smith2",
>    "age": 256,
>    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
>    "interests": [
>       "sports",
>       "music"
>    ]
> }'
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Location: /megacorp/employee/TfQ8ymMBtknNDl0i3mwi
content-type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
content-length: 179

{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"TfQ8ymMBtknNDl0i3mwi","_version":1,"result":"created","_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},"_seq_no":3,"_primary_term":1}

更新文档时，

和添加时是一样的，返回一个version，是一个不同于之前的version。更新时，elasticsearch将旧的文档标记为已删除，并增加一个全新的文档，旧的文档会在后台自动清除，但是不会立即清除。

创建文档

返回409，代表已存在，不能创建，如果不加op_type=create，会更新。也可以在URL最后加上/_create
[root@focuson1 ~]# curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -i http://focuson1:9200/megacorp/employee/1?op_type=create --data '{
>    "first_name": "John",
>    "last_name": "Smith",
>    "age": 25,
>    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
>    "interests": [
>       "sports",
>       "music"
>    ]
> }'
HTTP/1.1 409 Conflict
content-type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
content-length: 445

{"error":{"root_cause":[{"type":"version_conflict_engine_exception","reason":"[employee][1]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [4])","index_uuid":"hKhKh3YRT6yRiWQiBPSYuw","shard":"3","index":"megacorp"}],"type":"version_conflict_engine_exception","reason":"[employee][1]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [4])","index_uuid":"hKhKh3YRT6yRiWQiBPSYuw","shard":"3","index":"megacorp"},"status":409}

检索文档：

根据需要index、type、id，返回某个文档

[root@focuson1 ~]# curl -X GET -i http://focuson1:9200/megacorp/employee/1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
content-type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
content-length: 249

{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"1","_version":1,"found":true,"_source":{
   "first_name": "John",
   "last_name": "Smith",
   "age": 25,
   "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
   "interests": [
      "sports",
      "music"
   ]
}}

pretty

在请求参数中加上pretty，会使返回更加可读，但是source不会，会按照我们添加时候的格式返回
[root@focuson1 ~]# curl -X GET -i http://focuson1:9200/megacorp/employee/1?pretty
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
content-type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
content-length: 294

{
  "_index" : "megacorp",
  "_type" : "employee",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" : "Smith",
    "age" : 25,
    "about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests" : [
      "sports",
      "music"
    ]
  }
}

返回部分字段

只返回部分字段
[root@focuson1 ~]# curl -X GET -i http://focuson1:9200/megacorp/employee/1?_source=first_name,last_name
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
content-type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
content-length: 128

{"_index":"megacorp",