Learning Node-RED 3.Node-RED的编程模型

本文介绍了Node-RED的关键概念,如数据流程、节点、消息和连线,并通过创建一个简单流程展示其工作原理。Node-RED提供了一个直观的编辑环境,允许用户通过拖放节点和连接它们来构建数据处理流程。此外,文章还探讨了Node-RED的项目结构,强调了nodes目录的重要性。

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本节主要介绍Node-RED平台的关键概念和一些关键组件,并通过具体实例说明Node-RED的编程模型。

  • 数据流程(flow),flow是Node-RED中最重要的概念,一个flow流程就是一个Node-RED程序,它是由多个节点相互连接在一起形成数据通信的集合。在Node-RED的底层实现,一个flow流程通常是由一系列的JavaScript对象和若干个节点的配置信息组成,通过底层的Node.js环境再去执行Java Script代码。
  • 节点(node),它是构建flow的最基本元素,也是真正进行数据通信处理的载体。当程序员编写好的flow流程运行起来的时候,节点的功能就是对从上游节点接收到的消息(简称message)进行逻辑处理,并返回新的消息结果传递给下游节点实现后续的工作。一个Node-RED的节点包括一个.js文件和一个.html文件,分别完成对节点逻辑功能的实现和节点的样式设计。

  • 消息(message),它是节点之间进行数据传输的对象,也是数据的载体。理论上消息是一个JavaScript对象,它包含了对数据描述的所有属性。消息是Node-RED处理数据的最基本的数据结构,只有当节点被激活时消息才被处理,再加上所有节点都是相互独立的,这就保证了数据流程是互不影响并且是无状态的。

  • 连线(wire),它是构建数据流程和节点与节点的通信连接桥梁,wire是将节点的输出端点连接到下一个节点的输入端,这就表示通过一个节点生成的消息应该交给下一个连接节点来处理。

Node-RED的编辑环境


命令行中输入node-red即可开启服务器,在浏览器中输入http://127.0.0.1:1880/进入Node-RED编辑环境,如上图所示。

其中左侧是各个节点,中间是Node-RED流程,右侧包含了每个节点的信息、调试窗口、da

### Node-RED OPC UA Integration and Configuration Guide For integrating OPC UA with Node-RED, the `node-red-contrib-opcua` package is essential as it provides nodes specifically designed to interact with OPC UA servers[^1]. Installation of this package can be done through the palette manager within Node-RED or via npm command line tool. #### Installing node-red-contrib-opcua Package To install using npm on a terminal connected to where Node-RED resides: ```bash npm install node-red-contrib-opcua ``` After installation completes successfully, restart Node-RED service so that new components become available inside flows editor interface. #### Configuring OPC-UA Nodes Within Flows Editor Interface Once installed properly, several types of OPC-UA related nodes appear under categories like "input", "output". These include but are not limited to opcua-client-in/opcuaclient-out which allow reading from/writing into specific tags present at remote endpoints exposed by an external system implementing such protocol standards. When configuring these elements visually within flow diagrams provided by platform&#39;s web-based UI, ensure correct settings regarding endpoint URL (including security policies), namespace indexes associated with desired items along with authentication credentials if required according to target server specifications. #### Example Flow Demonstrating Basic Usage Below demonstrates how one might set up basic communication between two systems utilizing aforementioned capabilities offered out-of-the-box after adding necessary libraries mentioned earlier. ```json [ { "id": "opcua-read", "type": "OPCUA-IIoT in", "z": "", "name": "", "endpoint": "<your_opc_ua_server_endpoint>", "namespaceIndex": "3", "nodeId": "ns=3;s=MyVariable", "datatype": "float", "topic": "test/topic", "x": 290, "y": 80, "wires": [ ["debug"] ] }, { "id": "debug", "type": "debug", "z": "", "name": "", "active": true, "tosidebar": true, "console": false, "tostatus": false, "complete": "payload" } ] ``` This JSON snippet represents part of a larger workflow definition file used when deploying applications built atop Node-RED framework. It shows setting up an input node configured against hypothetical OPC-UA compliant device accessible over network alongside connecting output destination for logging received data points locally during runtime execution cycle. --related questions-- 1. What are common troubleshooting steps for issues encountered while trying to connect to an OPC UA server? 2. How does one secure communications between Node-RED instances and industrial control systems supporting OPC UA protocols? 3. Can you provide examples demonstrating more advanced features supported by `node-red-contrib-opcua`, such as browsing namespaces programmatically? 4. Is there any official documentation source recommended for learning about best practices concerning implementation patterns involving both technologies together?
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