struts 2.08 的HelloWorld配置错误

在Eclipse3.2+MyEclipse5.5+Tomcat5.5的系统中引入那个blank的例子程序，配置好后运行小猫，发现打印的Log中有以下异常信息：

严重: ********** FATAL ERROR STARTING UP SPRING-STRUTS INTEGRATION **********
Looks like the Spring listener was not configured for your web app!
Nothing will work until WebApplicationContextUtils returns a valid ApplicationContext.
You might need to add the following to web.xml:  

        <listener-class></listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener  

    2007-7-4 15:25:23 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
严重: Exception starting filter struts2
java.lang.NullPointerException
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.getClassInstance(SpringObjectFactory.java:188)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.verifyResultType(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:479)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addResultTypes(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:450)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:407)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:239)
 at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:111)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reload(DefaultConfiguration.java:152)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:52)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:395)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:452)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:201)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:223)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:304)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init></init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:77)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3600)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4193)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:759)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:739)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:524)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:904)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:867)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:474)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1122)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:310)
 at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1021)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:718)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1013)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:442)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:450)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:709)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:551)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
 at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
 at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:294)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:432)
2007-7-4 15:25:23 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2007-7-4 15:25:23 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/blank] startup failed due to previous errors

根据提示信息知道，应该在官方提供的web.xml添加以下代码：

web.xml 部分代码

1. <listener>     
2.         <listener-class>  
3.                 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener   
4.         listener-class>     
5. listener>  

然后在WebRoot>WEB-INF>下加一个空的applicationContext.xml如下：

applicationContext.xml 代码

1. xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>     
2. >     
3.      
4. <beans default-autowire="autodetect">     
5.       
6. beans>   

还有在WebRoot>WEB-INF>创建一个example.properties文件如下：

example.properties代码

HelloWorld.message= Struts is up and running ...
requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} is required.
password = Password
username = User Name
Missing.message =  This feature is under construction. Please try again in the next interation.

重启小猫，程序就可以运行了。