本文详细介绍了Internet控制消息协议(ICMP)的基本结构、消息类型及代码定义。包括不同类型的ICMP报文格式及其应用场景，如回显请求与应答、目标不可达、重定向等。
#ifndef __NETINET_IP_ICMP_H
#define __NETINET_IP_ICMP_H 1
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
__BEGIN_DECLS
struct icmphdr
{
u_int8_t type; /* message type */
u_int8_t code; /* type sub-code */
u_int16_t checksum;
union
{
struct
{
u_int16_t id;
u_int16_t sequence;
} echo; /* echo datagram */
u_int32_t gateway; /* gateway address */
struct
{
u_int16_t __unused;
u_int16_t mtu;
} frag; /* path mtu discovery */
} un;
};
#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0 /* Echo Reply */
#define ICMP_DEST_UNREACH 3 /* Destination Unreachable */
#define ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH 4 /* Source Quench */
#define ICMP_REDIRECT 5 /* Redirect (change route) */
#define ICMP_ECHO 8 /* Echo Request */
#define ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED 11 /* Time Exceeded */
#define ICMP_PARAMETERPROB 12 /* Parameter Problem */
#define ICMP_TIMESTAMP 13 /* Timestamp Request */
#define ICMP_TIMESTAMPREPLY 14 /* Timestamp Reply */
#define ICMP_INFO_REQUEST 15 /* Information Request */
#define ICMP_INFO_REPLY 16 /* Information Reply */
#define ICMP_ADDRESS 17 /* Address Mask Request */
#define ICMP_ADDRESSREPLY 18 /* Address Mask Reply */
#define NR_ICMP_TYPES 18
/* Codes for UNREACH. */
#define ICMP_NET_UNREACH 0 /* Network Unreachable */
#define ICMP_HOST_UNREACH 1 /* Host Unreachable */
#define ICMP_PROT_UNREACH 2 /* Protocol Unreachable */
#define ICMP_PORT_UNREACH 3 /* Port Unreachable */
#define ICMP_FRAG_NEEDED 4 /* Fragmentation Needed/DF set */
#define ICMP_SR_FAILED 5 /* Source Route failed */
#define ICMP_NET_UNKNOWN 6
#define ICMP_HOST_UNKNOWN 7
#define ICMP_HOST_ISOLATED 8
#define ICMP_NET_ANO 9
#define ICMP_HOST_ANO 10
#define ICMP_NET_UNR_TOS 11
#define ICMP_HOST_UNR_TOS 12
#define ICMP_PKT_FILTERED 13 /* Packet filtered */
#define ICMP_PREC_VIOLATION 14 /* Precedence violation */
#define ICMP_PREC_CUTOFF 15 /* Precedence cut off */
#define NR_ICMP_UNREACH 15 /* instead of hardcoding immediate value */
/* Codes for REDIRECT. */
#define ICMP_REDIR_NET 0 /* Redirect Net */
#define ICMP_REDIR_HOST 1 /* Redirect Host */
#define ICMP_REDIR_NETTOS 2 /* Redirect Net for TOS */
#define ICMP_REDIR_HOSTTOS 3 /* Redirect Host for TOS */
/* Codes for TIME_EXCEEDED. */
#define ICMP_EXC_TTL 0 /* TTL count exceeded */
#define ICMP_EXC_FRAGTIME 1 /* Fragment Reass time exceeded */
#ifdef __USE_BSD
/*
* Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @(#)ip_icmp.h 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/10/93
*/
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
/*
* Internal of an ICMP Router Advertisement
*/
struct icmp_ra_addr
{
u_int32_t ira_addr;
u_int32_t ira_preference;
};
struct icmp
{
u_int8_t icmp_type; /* type of message, see below */
u_int8_t icmp_code; /* type sub code */
u_int16_t icmp_cksum; /* ones complement checksum of struct */
union
{
u_char ih_pptr; /* ICMP_PARAMPROB */
struct in_addr ih_gwaddr; /* gateway address */
struct ih_idseq /* echo datagram */
{
u_int16_t icd_id;
u_int16_t icd_seq;
} ih_idseq;
u_int32_t ih_void;
/* ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG -- Path MTU Discovery (RFC1191) */
struct ih_pmtu
{
u_int16_t ipm_void;
u_int16_t ipm_nextmtu;
} ih_pmtu;
struct ih_rtradv
{
u_int8_t irt_num_addrs;
u_int8_t irt_wpa;
u_int16_t irt_lifetime;
} ih_rtradv;
} icmp_hun;
#define icmp_pptr icmp_hun.ih_pptr
#define icmp_gwaddr icmp_hun.ih_gwaddr
#define icmp_id icmp_hun.ih_idseq.icd_id
#define icmp_seq icmp_hun.ih_idseq.icd_seq
#define icmp_void icmp_hun.ih_void
#define icmp_pmvoid icmp_hun.ih_pmtu.ipm_void
#define icmp_nextmtu icmp_hun.ih_pmtu.ipm_nextmtu
#define icmp_num_addrs icmp_hun.ih_rtradv.irt_num_addrs
#define icmp_wpa icmp_hun.ih_rtradv.irt_wpa
#define icmp_lifetime icmp_hun.ih_rtradv.irt_lifetime
union
{
struct
{
u_int32_t its_otime;
u_int32_t its_rtime;
u_int32_t its_ttime;
} id_ts;
struct
{
struct ip idi_ip;
/* options and then 64 bits of data */
} id_ip;
struct icmp_ra_addr id_radv;
u_int32_t id_mask;
u_int8_t id_data[1];
} icmp_dun;
#define icmp_otime icmp_dun.id_ts.its_otime
#define icmp_rtime icmp_dun.id_ts.its_rtime
#define icmp_ttime icmp_dun.id_ts.its_ttime
#define icmp_ip icmp_dun.id_ip.idi_ip
#define icmp_radv icmp_dun.id_radv
#define icmp_mask icmp_dun.id_mask
#define icmp_data icmp_dun.id_data
};
/*
* Lower bounds on packet lengths for various types.
* For the error advice packets must first insure that the
* packet is large enough to contain the returned ip header.
* Only then can we do the check to see if 64 bits of packet
* data have been returned, since we need to check the returned
* ip header length.
*/
#define ICMP_MINLEN 8 /* abs minimum */
#define ICMP_TSLEN (8 + 3 * sizeof (n_time)) /* timestamp */
#define ICMP_MASKLEN 12 /* address mask */
#define ICMP_ADVLENMIN (8 + sizeof (struct ip) + 8) /* min */
#ifndef _IP_VHL
#define ICMP_ADVLEN(p) (8 + ((p)->icmp_ip.ip_hl << 2) + 8)
/* N.B.: must separately check that ip_hl >= 5 */
#else
#define ICMP_ADVLEN(p) (8 + (IP_VHL_HL((p)->icmp_ip.ip_vhl) << 2) + 8)
/* N.B.: must separately check that header length >= 5 */
#endif
/* Definition of type and code fields. */
/* defined above: ICMP_ECHOREPLY, ICMP_REDIRECT, ICMP_ECHO */
#define ICMP_UNREACH 3 /* dest unreachable, codes: */
#define ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH 4 /* packet lost, slow down */
#define ICMP_ROUTERADVERT 9 /* router advertisement */
#define ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT 10 /* router solicitation */
#define ICMP_TIMXCEED 11 /* time exceeded, code: */
#define ICMP_PARAMPROB 12 /* ip header bad */
#define ICMP_TSTAMP 13 /* timestamp request */
#define ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY 14 /* timestamp reply */
#define ICMP_IREQ 15 /* information request */
#define ICMP_IREQREPLY 16 /* information reply */
#define ICMP_MASKREQ 17 /* address mask request */
#define ICMP_MASKREPLY 18 /* address mask reply */
#define ICMP_MAXTYPE 18
/* UNREACH codes */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_NET 0 /* bad net */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_HOST 1 /* bad host */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL 2 /* bad protocol */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_PORT 3 /* bad port */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG 4 /* IP_DF caused drop */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL 5 /* src route failed */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN 6 /* unknown net */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN 7 /* unknown host */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED 8 /* src host isolated */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB 9 /* net denied */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB 10 /* host denied */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET 11 /* bad tos for net */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST 12 /* bad tos for host */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB 13 /* admin prohib */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE 14 /* host prec vio. */
#define ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF 15 /* prec cutoff */
/* REDIRECT codes */
#define ICMP_REDIRECT_NET 0 /* for network */
#define ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST 1 /* for host */
#define ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET 2 /* for tos and net */
#define ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST 3 /* for tos and host */
/* TIMEXCEED codes */
#define ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS 0 /* ttl==0 in transit */
#define ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS 1 /* ttl==0 in reass */
/* PARAMPROB code */
#define ICMP_PARAMPROB_OPTABSENT 1 /* req. opt. absent */
#define ICMP_INFOTYPE(type) \
((type) == ICMP_ECHOREPLY || (type) == ICMP_ECHO || \
(type) == ICMP_ROUTERADVERT || (type) == ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT || \
(type) == ICMP_TSTAMP || (type) == ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY || \
(type) == ICMP_IREQ || (type) == ICMP_IREQREPLY || \
(type) == ICMP_MASKREQ || (type) == ICMP_MASKREPLY)
#endif /* __USE_BSD */
__END_DECLS
#endif /* netinet/ip_icmp.h */
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