本文详细介绍了如何在Linux系统中为VirtualBox虚拟硬盘扩容的过程，包括使用fdisk创建新的分区、使用mkfs.ext4格式化分区、利用LVM技术扩展已有逻辑卷的空间，并通过resize2fs调整文件系统的大小。
参考：http://www.awaimai.com/1194.html
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/onlysingleboy/article/details/38562283
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 34.4 GB, 34359738368 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4177 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00077691
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 2089 16264192 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhel65x64-lv_root: 14.9 GB, 14935916544 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1815 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhel65x64-lv_swap: 1715 MB, 1715470336 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 208 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (2089-4177, default 2089):
Using default value 2089
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2089-4177, default 4177):
Using default value 4177
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# reboot
Broadcast message from root@rhel65x64
(/dev/pts/1) at 3:33 ...
The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@rhel65x64 ~]#
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(RHEL65x64) at 11:33:24.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[c:\~]$
Connecting to 192.168.56.101:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
Last login: Tue Oct 4 03:15:52 2016 from 192.168.56.1
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1048576 inodes, 4193634 blocks
209681 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
128 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_rhel65x64
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 15.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 3970
Alloc PE / Size 3970 / 15.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID SeAvmH-PExI-FoYt-dhOP-ebbH-7WwF-FAoL0E
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# vgextend vg_rhel65x64 /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_rhel65x64" successfully extended
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_rhel65x64/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name vg_rhel65x64
LV UUID 2VCzVX-gy9R-EJpW-3qQG-YaT9-vKs4-Uz1ncY
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel65x64, 2016-04-17 15:10:03 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 13.91 GiB
Current LE 3561
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_rhel65x64/lv_swap
LV Name lv_swap
VG Name vg_rhel65x64
LV UUID kuugDy-qmsW-ZTy2-3KOd-XHGc-r7zX-dT8Mpm
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel65x64, 2016-04-17 15:10:05 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.60 GiB
Current LE 409
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# lvextend /dev/vg_rhel65x64/lv_root /dev/sda3
Extending logical volume lv_root to 29.91 GiB
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_rhel65x64-lv_root 14G 2.6G 11G 20% /
tmpfs 2.0G 76K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_rhel65x64/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name vg_rhel65x64
LV UUID 2VCzVX-gy9R-EJpW-3qQG-YaT9-vKs4-Uz1ncY
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel65x64, 2016-04-17 15:10:03 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 29.91 GiB
Current LE 7656
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_rhel65x64/lv_swap
LV Name lv_swap
VG Name vg_rhel65x64
LV UUID kuugDy-qmsW-ZTy2-3KOd-XHGc-r7zX-dT8Mpm
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel65x64, 2016-04-17 15:10:05 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.60 GiB
Current LE 409
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_rhel65x64/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_rhel65x64/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_rhel65x64/lv_root to 7839744 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_rhel65x64/lv_root is now 7839744 blocks long.
[root@rhel65x64 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_rhel65x64-lv_root 30G 2.6G 26G 10% /
tmpfs 2.0G 76K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
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