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settings.xml 对于 maven 2来说相当于全局性的配置,用于所有的项目。
在 maven2 中存在两个 settings.xml ,一个位于 maven2 的安装目录 conf 下面,作为全局性配置。对于团队设置,保持一致的定义是关键,所以 maven2/conf 下面的 settings.xml 就作为团队共同的配置文件。保证所有的团队成员都拥有相同的配置。当然对于每个成员,都需要特殊的自定义设置,如用户信息,所以另外一个 settings.xml 就作为本地配置。默认的位置为: ${user.dir} /.m2/settings.xml 目录中( ${user.dir} 指 windows 中的用户目录)。 settings.xml 基本结构如下:
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<localRepository/>
<interactiveMode/>
<usePluginRegistry/>
<offline/>
<pluginGroups/>
<servers/>
<mirrors/>
<proxies/>
<profiles/>
<activeProfiles/>
</settings>
简单介绍一下几个主要的配置因素:
<localRepository>${user.home}/.m2/repository</localRepository>
<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
<usePluginRegistry>false</usePluginRegistry>
<offline>false</offline>
<pluginGroups>
<pluginGroup>org.mortbay.jetty</pluginGroup>
</pluginGroups>
• localRepository : 表示本地库的保存位置,也就是 maven2 主要的 jar 保存位置,默认在 ${user.dir}/.m2 /repository ,如果需要另外设置,就换成其他的路径。
• interactiveMode: true if Maven should attempt to interact with the user for input, false if not. Defaults to true.
• usePluginRegistry: true if Maven should use the ${user.home}/.m2/plugin-registry.xml file to manage plugin versions, defaults to false. Note that for the current version of Maven 2.0, the plugin-registry.xml file should not be depended upon. Consider it dormant ( 休眠的、不活动的)for now.
• offline: true if this build system should operate in offline mode, defaults to false. This element is useful for build servers which cannot connect to a remote repository, either because of network setup or security reasons.
如果不想每次编译,都去查找远程中心库,那就设置为 true 。当然前提是你已经下载了必须的依赖包。
• pluginGroups: 此标签包含一系列插件组元素,每个元素都包含一个groupId 。当使用一个插件而且该插件的groupId 没有提供在命令行中的时候就搜索该列表,该列 表自动包含org.apache.maven.plugins 和org.codehaus.mojo 。例如:按照上面的配置,在命令行中执行 org.mortbay.jetty:jetty-maven-plugin:run 时就可简写为mvn jetty:run 。
Servers
在 POM 中的 repositories 元素定义了下载库,distributionManagement 元素定义了开发库。然而,特定的 username 和 pwd 不能在 pom.xml 中设置 ,所以通过此配置来保存 server 信息。
<servers>
<server>
<id>server001</id>
<username>my_login</username>
<password>my_password</password>
<privateKey>${user.home}/.ssh/id_dsa</privateKey>
<passphrase>some_passphrase</passphrase>
<filePermissions>664</filePermissions>
<directoryPermissions>775</directoryPermissions>
<configuration></configuration>
</server>
</servers>
• id: This is the ID of the server (not of the user to login as) that matches the id element of the repository/mirror that Maven tries to connect to.
• username, password: 用于登陆此服务器的用户名和密码。
• privateKey, passphrase : Like the previous two elements, this pair specifies a path to a private key (default is ${user.home}/.ssh/id_dsa) and a passphrase, if required. The passphrase and password elements may be externalized in the future, but for now they must be set plain-text in the settings.xml file.
• filePermissions, directoryPermissions : 在开发中当库文件或者目录创建后,需要使用权限进行访问。合法数值是三位数字。
注意: 如果你使用private key 登录服务器,一定要删除password 元素,否则,private key 将会被忽略。
Mirrors
表示镜像库,指定库的镜像,用于增加其他库
<mirrors>
<mirror>
<id>planetmirror.com</id>
<name>PlanetMirror Australia</name>
<url>http://downloads.planetmirror.com/pub/maven2</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
- id,name: 唯一的标志,用于区别镜像
- url: 镜像的 url
mirrorOf :此镜像指向的库 id 。例如,指向 Maven central repository ( http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/ ) 的镜像,就把此元素的值设为 central 。更多的高级映射有 repo1,repo2 or *,!inhouse 。
Proxies
此设置,主要用于无法直接访问中心库的用户配置。
<proxies>
<proxy>
<id>myproxy</id>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<host>proxy.somewhere.com</host>
<port>8080</port>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>somepassword</password>
<nonProxyHosts>*.google.com|ibiblio.org</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
</proxies>
- id: 代理的标志
- active :是否激活代理 。如果有多个代理,每次只能有一个被激活
- protocol, host, port:protocol://host:port 代理
- username, password :代理服务器的用户名和密码
- nonProxyHosts: 不需要代理的 host
Profiles
类似于 pom.xml 中的 profile 元素,是 pom.xml 中 profile 元素的精简版本,主要包括 activation , repositories , pluginRepositories 和 properties 元素。只包含这四个元素是因为它们是整个创建系统的一部分,而不是单独一个模块的设置。
刚开始接触的时候,可能会比较迷惑,其实这是 maven2 中比较强大的功能。从字面上来说,就是个性配置。
单独定义 profile 后,并不会生效,需要通过满足条件来激活。如果一个 profile 在 settings 中被激活, pom.xml 文件中的定义将会覆盖他的值。
Activation :
用于激活此 profile
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>test</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.5</jdk>
<os>
<name>Windows XP</name>
<family>Windows</family>
<arch>x86</arch>
<version>5.1.2600</version>
</os>
<property>
<name>mavenVersion</name>
<value>2.0.3</value>
</property>
<file>
<exists>${basedir}/file2.properties</exists>
<missing>${basedir}/file1.properties</missing>
</file>
</activation>
...
</profile>
</profiles>
- jdk: 如果匹配指定的 jdk 版本,将会激活
- os: 操作系统
- property :如果 maven 能检测到相应的属性
- file: 用于判断文件是否存在或者不存在
除了使用 activation 来激活 profile ,同样可以通过 activeProfiles 来激活
ActiveProfiles :
表示激活的 profile, 通过 profile id 来指定。
<activeProfiles>
<activeProfile>env-test</activeProfile> 指定的 profile id
</activeProfiles>
Properties :
maven 的 properties 作为位置标识符( placeholder ) 值,类似于 ant 的 properties 。在 pom.xml 文件中可以通过 ${X} 获得其值。
包括以下的 5 种类型值:
- env.X ,返回当前的环境变量 。例如: ${env.PATH}(%PATH% in Windows)
- project.x: 返回 pom 中定义的元素值,如 ${ project.version}
- settings.x :返回 settings.xml 中定义的元素 ,如 ${settings.offline}
- java 系统属性:所有经过 java.lang.System.getProperties() 返回的值 , 如 ${java.home}
- x :用户自己设定的值,定义在 <properties/> 元素中的或定义在外部文件中的值,可以通过 ${someVar} 获得。
<profiles>
<profile>
...
<properties>
<user.install>${user.home}/our-project</user.install>
</properties>
...
</profile>
</profiles>
如果此 profile 被激活就可取得 ${user.install} 的值。
repositories 和 pluginRepositories :
定义其他开发库和插件开发库。对于团队来说,肯定有自己的开发库。可以通过此配置来定义。
<profiles>
<profile>
...
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>codehausSnapshots</id>
<name>Codehaus Snapshots</name>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
<updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>fail</checksumPolicy>
</snapshots>
<url>http://snapshots.maven.codehaus.org/maven2</url>
<layout>default</layout>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
...
</pluginRepositories>
...
</profile>
</profiles>
releases, snapshots: 每个产品的版本的 Release 或者 snapshot( 注: release 和 snapshot 的区别, release 一般是比较稳定的版本,而 snapshot 基本上不稳定,只是作为快照)
enabled : 库分别对于 releases, snapshots 是否可用
updatePolicy : 此元素定义更新发生的频率, Maven 会把本地的 POM's timestamp (stored in a repository's maven-metadata file) 和远程的相比较。可选值有: always , daily (default), interval:X (where X is an integer in minutes) or never .
checksumPolicy : When Maven deploys files to the repository, it also deploys corresponding
checksum files. Your options are to ignore , fail , or warn on missing or incorrect checksums.
Layout : 库的布局,有 default or legacy 两个可选值。
如下的配置,定义了本地开发库,用于 release 发布。
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>repo-local</id>
<name>Internal 开发库 </name>
<url>http://192.168.0.2:8082/repo-local</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<layout>default</layout>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>repo-local</id>
<name>Internal 开发库 </name>
<url>http://192.168.0.2:8082/repo-local</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<layout>default</layout>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>