Computer System Organization processorsprimary memorysecondary memoryinput-output The Digital Logic Level CPU chips and buses The Microarchitecture Level improving performance cache memorybranch predictionout-of-order execution and register renamingspeculation execution The Instruction Set Architecture LevelThe Operating System Machine LevelThe Assembly Languege LevelParallel Computer Architecture 1.Computer System Organization processors primary memory secondary memory input-output 2.The Digital Logic Level CPU chips and buses 3.The Microarchitecture Level improving performance cache memory branch prediction out-of-order execution and register renaming speculation execution 4.The Instruction Set Architecture Level 5.The Operating System Machine Level 6.The Assembly Languege Level 7.Parallel Computer Architecture