Hive教程之metastore的三种模式

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转载最新推荐文章于 2026-05-27 09:19:47 发布 1.7k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

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Hive中metastore（元数据存储）的三种方式：

内嵌Derby方式
Local方式
Remote方式

[一]、内嵌Derby方式

这个是Hive默认的启动模式，一般用于单元测试，这种存储方式有一个缺点：在同一时间只能有一个进程连接使用数据库。

hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等的配置信息如下：

XHTML

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

<value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>

<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

<value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>

<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

<description>username to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

<description>password to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>file:///Users/micmiu/tmp/hive/warehouse</value>

<description>unit test data goes in here on your local filesystem</description>

</property>

执行初始化命令：schematool -dbType derby -initSchema

查看初始化后的信息： schematool -dbType derby -info

配置完成后就可在shell中以CLI的方式访问hive 进行操作验证。

[二]、Local方式

以本地Mysql数据库为例：创建好用户：hive；database：hive。

配置文件 hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等属性值配置如下：

XHTML

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

<description>username to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

<value>micmiu</value>

<description>password to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>

</property>

ps：需要把mysql的驱动包copy到目录 <HIVE_HOME>/lib 中

如果是第一次需要执行初始化命令：schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

micmiu-mbp:mysql micmiu$ schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.input.dir.recursive is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.input.dir.recursive

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.max.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.maxsize

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.rack is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.rack

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.node is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.node

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.reduces

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.reduce.speculative

Metastore connection URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true

Metastore Connection Driver : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

Metastore connection User: hive

Starting metastore schema initialization to 0.12.0

Initialization script hive-schema-0.12.0.mysql.sql

Initialization script completed

schemaTool completeted

查看初始化后信息 schematool -dbType mysql -info

初始化后查看mysql中表情况：show tables;

mysql> show tables;

+---------------------------+

| Tables_in_hive |

+---------------------------+

| BUCKETING_COLS |

| CDS |

| COLUMNS_V2 |

| DATABASE_PARAMS |

| DBS |

| DB_PRIVS |

| DELEGATION_TOKENS |

| GLOBAL_PRIVS |

| IDXS |

| INDEX_PARAMS |

| MASTER_KEYS |

| NUCLEUS_TABLES |

| PARTITIONS |

| PARTITION_EVENTS |

| PARTITION_KEYS |

| PARTITION_KEY_VALS |

| PARTITION_PARAMS |

| PART_COL_PRIVS |

| PART_COL_STATS |

| PART_PRIVS |

| ROLES |

| ROLE_MAP |

| SDS |

| SD_PARAMS |

| SEQUENCE_TABLE |

| SERDES |

| SERDE_PARAMS |

| SKEWED_COL_NAMES |

| SKEWED_COL_VALUE_LOC_MAP |

| SKEWED_STRING_LIST |

| SKEWED_STRING_LIST_VALUES |

| SKEWED_VALUES |

| SORT_COLS |

| TABLE_PARAMS |

| TAB_COL_STATS |

| TBLS |

| TBL_COL_PRIVS |

| TBL_PRIVS |

| TYPES |

| TYPE_FIELDS |

| VERSION |

+---------------------------+

41 rows in set (0.00 sec)

配置完成后就可在shell中以CLI的方式访问hive 进行操作验证。

[三]、Remote方式

以Mysql数据库(192.168.6.77)为例：创建好用户：hive；database：hive_meta。Remote方式需要分别配置服务端和客户端的配置文件：

服务端的 hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等属性值配置如下：

XHTML

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.6.77/hive_meta?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

<description>username to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

<value>micmiu</value>

<description>password to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

<description>base hdfs path :location of default database for the warehouse</description>

</property>

ps：需要把mysql的驱动包copy到目录 <HIVE_HOME>/lib 中

如果是第一次需要执行初始化命令：schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

客户端中配置内容修改如下：

XHTML

<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>

<value>thrift://192.168.6.77:9083</value>

<description>Thrift uri for the remote metastore. Used by metastore client to connect to remote metastore.</description>

</property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>

</property>

hive metastore 服务端启动命令：
hive --service metastore -p <port_num>
如果不加端口默认启动：hive --service metastore，则默认监听端口是：9083 ，注意客户端中的端口配置需要和启动监听的端口一致。服务端启动正常后，客户端就可以执行hive操作了。

参考：

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/AdminManual+MetastoreAdmin

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