生成验证码工具类

本文介绍了一个用于生成验证码的Java实用程序类。该类提供了一系列方法来生成包含字母和数字的验证码字符串,并能输出带有扭曲效果的验证码图片。文章详细展示了如何通过随机数生成验证码内容以及如何利用Java图形库创建扭曲变形的图像。

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public class VerifyCodeUtils {

    public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    public static final String VERIFY_NUMBER = "1234567890";

    private static Random random = new Random();

    public VerifyCodeUtils() {
    }

    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize) {
        return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
    }

    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources) {
        if (sources == null || sources.length() == 0) {
            sources = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
        }

        int codesLen = sources.length();
        Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
        StringBuilder code = new StringBuilder(verifySize);

        for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; ++i) {
            code.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen - 1)));
        }

        return code.toString();
    }

    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int size) throws IOException {
        String code = generateVerifyCode(size);
        outputImage(w, h, outputFile, code);
        return code;
    }

    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException {
        if (outputFile != null) {
            File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
            if (!dir.exists()){
                dir.mkdirs();
            }

            outputFile.createNewFile();
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            outputImage(w, h, (OutputStream)fos, code);
            fos.close();

        }
    }

    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, 1);
        Random rand = new Random();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN, Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE, Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};
        float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];

        for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; ++i) {
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }

        Arrays.sort(fractions);
        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        g2.setColor(c);
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);
        Random random = new Random();
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));

        int area;
        int fontSize;
        int x;
        int y;
        for(int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
            area = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            fontSize = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            x = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            y = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(area, fontSize, area + x + 40, fontSize + y + 20);
        }

        float yawpRate = 0.05F;
        area = (int)(yawpRate * (float)w * (float)h);

        int i;
        for(fontSize = 0; fontSize < area; ++fontSize) {
            x = random.nextInt(w);
            y = random.nextInt(h);
            i = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, i);
        }

        shear(g2, w, h, c);
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        fontSize = h - 4;
        Font font = new Font("Algerian", 2, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();

        for(i = 0; i < verifySize; ++i) {
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(0.7853981633974483D * rand.nextDouble() * (double)(rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (double)(w / verifySize * i + fontSize / 2), (double)(h / 2));
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, (w - 10) / verifySize * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);
        }

        g2.dispose();
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
    }

    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        if (fc > 255) {
            fc = 255;
        }

        if (bc > 255) {
            bc = 255;
        }

        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        int[] var2 = rgb;
        int var3 = rgb.length;

        for(int var4 = 0; var4 < var3; ++var4) {
            int c = var2[var4];
            color <<= 8;
            color |= c;
        }

        return color;
    }

    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];

        for(int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }

        return rgb;
    }

    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }

    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        int period = random.nextInt(2);
        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);

        for(int i = 0; i < h1; ++i) {
            double d = (double)(period >> 1) * Math.sin((double)i / (double)period + 6.283185307179586D * (double)phase / (double)frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int)d, 0);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine((int)d, i, 0, i);
                g.drawLine((int)d + w1, i, w1, i);
            }
        }

    }

    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10;
        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;

        for(int i = 0; i < w1; ++i) {
            double d = (double)(period >> 1) * Math.sin((double)i / (double)period + 6.283185307179586D * (double)phase / (double)frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int)d);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine(i, (int)d, i, 0);
                g.drawLine(i, (int)d + h1, i, h1);
            }
        }

    }
}
### 回答1: 以下是一个简单的 Java 生成验证码工具类: ```java import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.util.Random; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; public class VerifyCodeUtils { // 验证码字符集 private static final String CODES = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; // 验证码字体 private static final Font FONT = new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20); // 验证码图片的宽度 private static final int WIDTH = 100; // 验证码图片的高度 private static final int HEIGHT = 40; // 验证码个数 private static final int COUNT = 4; /** * 生成验证码图片 * @param request * @param response * @throws Exception */ public static void generate(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { // 创建一个 BufferedImage 对象,宽度为 WIDTH,高度为 HEIGHT,类型为 RGB BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(WIDTH, HEIGHT, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); // 获取一个 Graphics 对象 Graphics g = image.getGraphics(); // 设置背景颜色为白色 g.setColor(Color.WHITE); g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); // 生成随机数 Random random = new Random(); // 绘制干扰线 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256))); g.drawLine(random.nextInt(WIDTH), random.nextInt(HEIGHT), random.nextInt(WIDTH), random.nextInt(HEIGHT)); } // 绘制验证码 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++) { // 设置验证码字符颜色为随机颜色 g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256))); // 生成随机字符 char c = CODES.charAt(random.nextInt(CODES.length())); // 绘制字符 g.setFont(FONT); g.drawString(String.valueOf(c), i * WIDTH / COUNT + 5, 25); sb.append(c); } // 将验证码存入 HttpSession 中 HttpSession session = request.getSession(); session.setAttribute("verifyCode", sb.toString()); // 设置响应头信息 response.setContentType("image/png"); ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); // 将 BufferedImage 对象写入 ServletOutputStream 中 ImageIO.write(image, "png", out); out.flush(); out.close(); } } ``` 使用方法: 在 Servlet 中调用 `VerifyCodeUtils.generate(request, response)` 方法即可生成验证码图片并将验证码存入 HttpSession 中。在表单中输入验证码时,可以从 HttpSession 中获取验证码进行验证。 ### 回答2: Java生成验证码工具类可以利用Java提供的随机数生成器和Graphics2D绘图类来实现。以下是一个简单的实现示例: ```java import java.awt.*; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.util.Random; public class CaptchaUtil { private static final int WIDTH = 120; // 图片宽度 private static final int HEIGHT = 40; // 图片高度 private static final int CODE_COUNT = 4; // 验证码字符个数 private static final int CODE_FONT_SIZE = 25; // 验证码字体大小 // 生成验证码 public static BufferedImage generateCaptcha() { // 创建BufferedImage对象作为验证码图片 BufferedImage captchaImage = new BufferedImage(WIDTH, HEIGHT, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); // 获取Graphics2D对象 Graphics2D g2d = captchaImage.createGraphics(); // 设置背景色为白色 g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE); g2d.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); // 设置字体样式 Font font = new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, CODE_FONT_SIZE); g2d.setFont(font); // 生成随机验证码 Random random = new Random(); String captchaCode = ""; for (int i = 0; i < CODE_COUNT; i++) { char codeChar = (char) (random.nextInt(26) + 65); // 生成随机大写字母 captchaCode += codeChar; } // 将验证码绘制到图片上 g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK); g2d.drawString(captchaCode, 10, 30); // 添加干扰线 g2d.setColor(Color.GRAY); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { int x1 = random.nextInt(WIDTH); int y1 = random.nextInt(HEIGHT); int x2 = random.nextInt(WIDTH); int y2 = random.nextInt(HEIGHT); g2d.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2); } // 销毁Graphics2D对象 g2d.dispose(); return captchaImage; } } ``` 使用该工具类可以通过`generateCaptcha()`方法生成验证码的图片。您可以将生成验证码图片输出到前端页面,供用户验证。这样,每次刷新页面或需要进行验证码验证时,都可以调用该方法生成新的验证码图片。 ### 回答3: Java生成验证码工具类可以通过使用Java的图形绘制和随机数生成功能来实现。 首先,我们需要创建一个验证码工具类,可以命名为CaptchaUtils。在这个类中,我们可以定义一个静态方法generateCaptcha,用于生成验证码生成验证码的过程可以分为以下几个步骤: 1. 创建一个BufferedImage对象,作为画布,用于绘制验证码。 2. 创建一个Graphics2D对象,用于在画布上进行绘制。 3. 设置画布的背景色和字体样式。 4. 使用随机数生成器(可以使用Java提供的Random类)生成一个指定长度的随机验证码字符串。 5. 使用Graphics2D对象将验证码字符串绘制在画布上,可以设置字符的颜色、大小和位置。 6. 生成干扰线或干扰点,增加验证码的安全性。 7. 返回验证码图片。 以下是一个简单的示例代码,实现了上述步骤: ```java import java.awt.*; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.util.Random; public class CaptchaUtils { public static BufferedImage generateCaptcha(int width, int height, int length) { BufferedImage captchaImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D g2d = captchaImage.createGraphics(); g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g2d.setBackground(Color.WHITE); g2d.clearRect(0, 0, width, height); g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK); g2d.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 24)); Random random = new Random(); String captchaString = ""; for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { char captchaChar = (char) (random.nextInt(26) + 'A'); captchaString += captchaChar; int x = 10 + (i * width / length); int y = 25 + (random.nextInt(height - 50)); g2d.drawString(String.valueOf(captchaChar), x, y); } for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { int x1 = random.nextInt(width); int y1 = random.nextInt(height); int x2 = random.nextInt(width); int y2 = random.nextInt(height); g2d.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256))); g2d.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2); } g2d.dispose(); return captchaImage; } } ``` 使用该验证码工具类,我们可以在其他地方调用generateCaptcha方法生成验证码图片。调用示例代码如下: ```java public static void main(String[] args) { int width = 200; int height = 50; int length = 4; BufferedImage captchaImage = CaptchaUtils.generateCaptcha(width, height, length); // 将验证码图片保存到指定路径 File captchaFile = new File("captcha.jpg"); try { ImageIO.write(captchaImage, "JPEG", captchaFile); System.out.println("验证码生成并保存为captcha.jpg"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } ``` 以上就是一个简单的Java生成验证码工具类的实现。可以根据需要进行进一步的修改和扩展,例如添加噪点、增加验证码样式等。
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