Mac OSX下开机启动守护进程，接受远程命令，从而启动、通信cocoa app

MacOSX后台进程配置

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-08 13:49:51 发布

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本文介绍了在MacOSX中配置后台进程的方法，包括使用Login Items、XPC Services、Launch Daemons和Launch Agents等不同类型的后台进程。文章还详细解释了如何通过创建.plist文件和shell脚本来实现特定的应用程序在登录时自动运行。

除了上一篇转载的Mac OS X启动项详解，下面说明一下完整的后台进程方式，看下面这个表格：

Table 1-1 Types of Background Process
Type	Managed by launchd?	Run in which context?	Can present UI?
Login item	No*	User	Yes
XPC service	Yes	User	No (Except in a very limited way using IOSurface)
Launch Daemon	Yes	System	No
Launch Agent	Yes	User	Not recommended

该表格来自：Designing Daemons and Services，其中：* Login items are started by the per-user instance of launchd, but it does not take any actions to manage them

上文提到的StartupItems方案，在Launch shell script on login in Mac OS (OS X)中提到了：

You can't just place plain scripts in that folder. You need a "specialized bundle" how Apple calls it, basically a folder with your executable, and a .plist configuration. And you should put it in/Library/StartupItems since /System/Library/StartupItems/ is reserved for the operating system. Read all about it here:

https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/macosx/conceptual/bpsystemstartup/chapters/StartupItems.html

Also note that the whole stuff is marked as deprecated technology. And that Apple is suggesting the use of launchd. There is an example how to set it up here:

http://superuser.com/questions/229773/run-command-on-startup-login-mac-os-x

在下使用了这个方案：（在Launch shell script on login in Mac OS (OS X)中第二个答案）

launchd [ALL users]

Place your script, e.g., Test.sh, in a SHARED location, e.g., /Users/Shared
Create a file with extension .plist in /Library/LaunchAgents (requires admin privileges), e.g., /Library/LaunchAgents/LoginScripts.Test.plist, by running the following in Terminal.app:

sudo touch /Library/LaunchAgents/LoginScripts.Test.plist

Open the file and save it with the following content (make sure your text editor prompts for admin privileges on demand; alternatively, use sudo nano /Library/LaunchAgents/LoginScripts.Test.plist):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
      <!-- YOUR SELF-CHOSEN LABEL (TASK ID) HERE -->
    <string>LoginScripts.Test.sh</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
          <!-- YOUR LITERAL SCRIPT PATH HERE -->
        <string>/Users/Shared/Test.sh</string>
    </array>
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
</dict>
</plist>

* The  comments indicate the places to customize; you're free to choose a label, but it should be unique - ditto for the .plist filename; for simplicity, keep the label and the filename root the same.

From Terminal.app, run the following:

sudo chown root /Library/LaunchAgents/LoginScripts.Test.plist
sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchAgents/LoginScripts.Test.plist

Note that, as a side effect, the script will execute right away. From that point on, the script will execute whenever ANY user logs on.
It is not strictly necessary to run launchctl load -- since, by virtue of the file's location, it will be picked up automatically on next login -- but it's helpful for verifying that the file loads correctly.

结合下面这个博客，就可以完成功能了：plist＋sh script＋command line tool＋cocoa app：

服务进程＋cocoa客户端解决方案：Mac OS X下从服务进程中启动另一个应用程序（Cocoa Application）

—————————————————————惭愧的分割线———————————————————————

上面写的plist＋sh script＋command line tool＋cocoa app是逻辑上觉得可行，但是没能解决问题，

环境：MAC OSX

问题点：plist中设置shell脚本，脚本中调用可执行文件，没有任何反应（还没找到原因，希望有知道的哥们儿提点一下）

当前解决方案：去掉shell脚本，在plist中直接设置可执行文件完整路径，例子资源：mac 开机启动案例

同样遇到类似问题的博客有：sudo在shell脚本执行的问题，有兴趣的哥们儿可以看看