Unity 3d Homework 5 打飞碟游戏实现

编写一个简单的鼠标打飞碟（Hit UFO）游戏

游戏内容要求:

游戏有 n 个 round，每个 round 都包括10 次 trial。
每个 trial 的飞碟的色彩、大小、发射位置、速度、角度、同时出现的个数都可能不同。它们由该 round 的 ruler 控制。
每个 trial 的飞碟有随机性，总体难度随 round 上升。
鼠标点中得分，得分规则按色彩、大小、速度不同计算，规则可自由设定。

游戏的要求:

使用带缓存的工厂模式管理不同飞碟的生产与回收，该工厂必须是场景单实例的！具体实现见参考资源 Singleton 模板类。
尽可能使用前面 MVC 结构实现人机交互与游戏模型分离。

实现效果截图

演示视频地址
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1F24y117AJ/

游戏设计实现
1.首先是飞碟工厂的实现
该工厂使用Singleton单例模式实现，且需要使用带缓存的工厂，故使用 used和free 两个存飞碟的链表表示正在使用中的飞碟和空闲的飞碟。当需要工厂输出一个飞碟时，若free链表不为空，则从free链表中寻找相应类型的飞碟，若没有空闲的飞碟，则创建一个对应类型type的飞碟并且放入used链表中，并设置其active为true；
在游戏开始时会不断创建飞碟，而是储存起来，简单将其active设置为false，可以使它隐形，再次使用则初始化位置即可，从而能够循环使用；
对飞碟的回收 FreeDisk也就是将使用完的(运动至屏幕下方看不见的）原本在used中转到free中。
代码如下。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class DiskFactory : MonoBehaviour {
    private List<Disk> used = new List<Disk>();
    private List<Disk> free = new List<Disk>();

    public GameObject GetDisk(int type) {
        GameObject disk_prefab = null;
        //寻找空闲飞碟，如有空闲则不需要多实例化一个
        if (free.Count>0) {
            for(int i = 0; i < free.Count; i++) {
                if (free[i].type == type) {
                    disk_prefab = free[i].gameObject;
                    free.Remove(free[i]);
                    break;
                }
            }     
        }

        if(disk_prefab == null) {
            if(type == 1) {
                disk_prefab = Instantiate(
                Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/disk1"),
                new Vector3(0, -10f, 0), Quaternion.identity);
            }
            else if (type == 2) {
                disk_prefab = Instantiate(
                Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/disk2"),
                new Vector3(0, -10f, 0), Quaternion.identity);
            }
            else {
                disk_prefab = Instantiate(
                Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/disk3"),
                new Vector3(0, -10f, 0), Quaternion.identity);
            }

            disk_prefab.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = disk_prefab.GetComponent<Disk>().color;
        }

        used.Add(disk_prefab.GetComponent<Disk>());
        disk_prefab.SetActive(true);
        return disk_prefab;
    }

    public void FreeDisk() {
        for(int i=0; i<used.Count; i++) {
            if (used[i].gameObject.transform.position.y <= -10f) {
                free.Add(used[i]);
                used.Remove(used[i]);
            }
        }          
    }

    public void Reset() {
        FreeDisk();
    }
}

2.动作管理类实现
SSActionManager 类 -动作管理基类
actions -执行的动作字典，以GetInstanceID的返回值为key ，SSAction为值
waitingAdd 等待执行动作 waitingDelete 待删除列表
代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

/*动作管理基类*/
public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour, ISSActionCallback {
    private Dictionary<int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary<int, SSAction>();    //动作字典
    private List<SSAction> waitingAdd = new List<SSAction>();                       //等待列表
    private List<int> waitingDelete = new List<int>();                              //删除列表                

    protected void Update() {
        //获取动作实例将等待执行的动作加入字典并清空待执行列表
        foreach (SSAction ac in waitingAdd) {
            actions[ac.GetInstanceID()] = ac;
        }
        waitingAdd.Clear();

        //对于字典中每一个pair，看是执行还是删除
        foreach (KeyValuePair<int, SSAction> kv in actions) {
            SSAction ac = kv.Value;
            if (ac.destroy) {
                waitingDelete.Add(ac.GetInstanceID());
            }
            else if (ac.enable) {
                ac.Update();
            }
        }

        //删除所有已完成的动作并清空待删除列表
        foreach (int key in waitingDelete) {
            SSAction ac = actions[key];
            actions.Remove(key);
            Object.Destroy(ac);
        }
        waitingDelete.Clear();
    }

    public void RunAction(GameObject gameobject, SSAction action, ISSActionCallback manager) {
        action.gameobject = gameobject;
        action.transform = gameobject.transform;
        action.callback = manager;
        waitingAdd.Add(action);
        action.Start();
    }

    public void SSActionEvent(
        SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted,
        int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null) {
    }
}

动作基类SSAction

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

/*动作基类*/
public class SSAction : ScriptableObject {
    public bool enable = true;                      //是否进行
    public bool destroy = false;                    //是否删除

    public GameObject gameobject;                   //动作对象
    public Transform transform;                     //动作对象的transform
    public ISSActionCallback callback;              //回调函数

    //防止用户自己new对象
    protected SSAction() { }

    public virtual void Start() {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public virtual void Update() {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }
}

3.设计控制游戏的运行的导演类
FirstController类
这里引入了 飞行动作管理的action_manage，和飞碟工厂disk_factory，以及用户界面UserGUI 和计分类 score_recorder, 并在Start()中将其均初始化，disk_factory与score_recorder均用单例模式。
Update()主要实现飞碟在界面中飞行，以及不同种飞碟出现的时间和位置，通过SendDisk(type) 来从飞碟工厂中拿出对应的飞碟，且检测鼠标的点击是否击中飞碟Hit(pos),若击中则累计相应的分数：Disk1紫色飞碟加一分，Disk2绿色飞碟加两分，Disk3红色飞碟加三分

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class FirstController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController, IUserAction {
    public FlyActionManager action_manager;
    public DiskFactory disk_factory;
    public UserGUI user_gui;
    public ScoreRecorder score_recorder;
    private int round = 1;                                                  
    private int trial = 0;
    private float speed = 1f;                                             
    private bool running = false;

    void Start () {
        SSDirector director = SSDirector.GetInstance();     
        director.CurrentScenceController = this;
        disk_factory = Singleton<DiskFactory>.Instance;
        score_recorder = Singleton<ScoreRecorder>.Instance;
        action_manager = gameObject.AddComponent<FlyActionManager>() as FlyActionManager;
        user_gui = gameObject.AddComponent<UserGUI>() as UserGUI;
    }

    int count = 0;
	void Update () {
        if(running) {
            count++;
            if (Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1")) {
                Vector3 pos = Input.mousePosition;
                Hit(pos);
            }
            switch (round) {
                case 1: {
                        if (count >= 150) {
                            count = 0;
                            SendDisk(1);
                            trial += 1;
                            if (trial == 10) {
                                round += 1;
                                trial = 0;
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                case 2: {
                        if (count >= 100) {
                            count = 0;
                            if (trial % 2 == 0) SendDisk(1);
                            else SendDisk(2);
                            trial += 1;
                            if (trial == 10) {
                                round += 1;
                                trial = 0;
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                case 3: {
                        if (count >= 50) {
                            count = 0;
                            if (trial % 3 == 0) SendDisk(1);
                            else if(trial % 3 == 1) SendDisk(2);
                            else SendDisk(3);
                            trial += 1;
                            if (trial == 10) {
                                running = false;
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                default:break;
            } 
            disk_factory.FreeDisk();
        }
    }

    public void LoadResources() {
        disk_factory.GetDisk(round);
        disk_factory.FreeDisk();
    }

    private void SendDisk(int type) {

        //从工厂中拿一个飞碟
        GameObject disk = disk_factory.GetDisk(type);

        //飞碟位置
        float ran_y = 0;
        float ran_x = Random.Range(-1f, 1f) < 0 ? -1 : 1;
 
        //飞碟初始所受的力和角度
        float power = 0;
        float angle = 0;
        if (type == 1) {
            ran_y = Random.Range(1f, 5f);
            power = Random.Range(5f, 7f);
            angle = Random.Range(25f,30f);
        }
        else if (type == 2) {
            ran_y = Random.Range(2f, 3f);
            power = Random.Range(10f, 12f);
            angle = Random.Range(15f, 17f);
        }
        else {
            ran_y = Random.Range(5f, 6f);
            power = Random.Range(15f, 20f);
            angle = Random.Range(10f, 12f);
        }
        disk.transform.position = new Vector3(ran_x*16f, ran_y, 0);
        action_manager.DiskFly(disk, angle, power);
    }

    public void Hit(Vector3 pos) {
        Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(pos);
        RaycastHit[] hits;
        hits = Physics.RaycastAll(ray);
        for (int i = 0; i < hits.Length; i++) {
            RaycastHit hit = hits[i];
            if (hit.collider.gameObject.GetComponent<Disk>() != null) {
                score_recorder.Record(hit.collider.gameObject);
                hit.collider.gameObject.transform.position = new Vector3(0, -10, 0);
            }
        }
    }

    public float GetScore() {
        return score_recorder.GetScore();
    }
    public int GetRound() {
        return round;
    }
    public int GetTrial() {
        return trial;
    }
    //重新开始
    public void ReStart() {
        running = true;
        score_recorder.Reset();
        disk_factory.Reset();
        round = 1;
        trial = 1;
        speed = 2f;
    }
    //游戏结束
    public void GameOver() {
        running = false;
    }
}

4.其他游戏相关类实现（部分)
计分类 ScoreRecorder

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

/*记录分数*/
public class ScoreRecorder : MonoBehaviour {
    private float score;
    void Start () {
        score = 0;
    }
    public void Record(GameObject disk) {
        score += disk.GetComponent<Disk>().score;
    }
    public float GetScore() {
        return score;
    }
    public void Reset() {
        score = 0;
    }
}

用户开始界面UserGUI类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class UserGUI : MonoBehaviour {
    private IUserAction action;
    
    //每个GUI的style
    GUIStyle bold_style = new GUIStyle();
    GUIStyle text_style = new GUIStyle();
    GUIStyle over_style = new GUIStyle();
    private bool game_start = false;

    void Start () {
        action = SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentScenceController as IUserAction;
    }
	
	void OnGUI () {
        bold_style.normal.textColor = new Color(1, 0, 0);
        bold_style.fontSize = 16;
        text_style.normal.textColor = new Color(0, 0, 0, 1);
        text_style.fontSize = 16;
        over_style.normal.textColor = new Color(1, 0, 0);
        over_style.fontSize = 25;

        if (game_start) {

            GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width - 150, 5, 200, 50), "分数:"+ action.GetScore().ToString(), text_style);
            GUI.Label(new Rect(100, 5, 50, 50), "Round:" + action.GetRound().ToString(), text_style);
            GUI.Label(new Rect(180, 5, 50, 50), "Trial:" + action.GetTrial().ToString(), text_style);

            if (action.GetRound() == 3 && action.GetTrial() == 10) {
                GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 20, Screen.height / 2 - 250, 100, 100), "游戏结束", over_style);
                GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 10, Screen.height / 2 - 200, 50, 50), "你的分数:" + action.GetScore().ToString(), text_style);
                if (GUI.Button(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 20, Screen.height / 2 - 150, 100, 50), "重新开始")) {
                    action.ReStart();
                    return;
                }
                action.GameOver();
            }
        }
        else {
            GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 50, 100, 100, 100), "简单打飞碟", over_style);
            GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 50, 150, 100, 100), "鼠标点击飞碟", text_style);
            if (GUI.Button(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 50, 200, 100, 50), "游戏开始")) {
                game_start = true;
                action.ReStart();
            }
        }
    }
   
}

5.预制体资源设置
Disk1，Disk2，Disk3的区分在于Transform的position 和 Type 与Score（即载入脚本SendDisk方法等用到的对应的类型和计分）以及Color的设计，具体如图（以Disk1为例）
调整position，Type与Score均为1 ，设为紫色。其余两种同理

Unity 3d打飞碟的设计如上。