centos7官方源失效后的解决方案

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已于 2024-11-12 16:30:07 修改

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文章标签： linux centos

于 2024-09-26 17:39:28 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/evolay/article/details/142567225

自从官方源不再维护后，安装centos7，遇到了升级GCC问题。

以前什么都不需要配置，只需要以下命令就能安装和使用对应的GCC版本。

yum install centos-release-scl

yum install scl-utils

# 查询软件集合

yum list all --enablerepo='centos-sclo-rh' | grep devtoolset

# 安装gcc 7 版本

yum install devtoolset-7-toolchain

# 列出所有软件

scl --list

# 切换软件环境

scl enable devtoolset-7 bash

yum install gcc-toolset-11

切换GCC版本：

scl enable gcc-toolset-11 bash

仅将.repo中源替换为阿里云或国内其它的源，不能解决问题。于是使用了vault源

以下以centos7.4为例，其它的7.3 7.6等，则需要将7.4.1708改为相应的。

查询版本命令：

cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

[注意：centos7.1开始才有这个源，对于centos7.0，可以直接通过链接

Index of /centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages

搜索下载

centos-release-scl-2-3.el7.centos.noarch
centos-release-scl-rh-2-3.el7.centos.noarch

https://vault.centos.org/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/centos-release-scl-2-3.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

https://vault.centos.org/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/centos-release-scl-rh-2-3.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

devtoolset位于：

Index of /centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/Packages/d

以下是本次手工安装centos7.0的devtoolset-7最简化的包

https://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/Packages/d/devtoolset-7-gcc-7.3.1-5.16.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/Packages/d/devtoolset-7-gcc-c++-7.3.1-5.16.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/Packages/d/devtoolset-7-binutils-2.28-11.el7.x86_64.rpm https://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/Packages/d/devtoolset-7-runtime-7.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm

yum install policycoreutils-python

https://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/Packages/d/devtoolset-7-libstdc++-devel-7.3.1-5.16.el7.x86_64.rpm

综上：针对centos7.0 安装了这些包

centos-release-scl-2-3.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
centos-release-scl-rh-2-3.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
devtoolset-7-binutils-2.28-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
devtoolset-7-gcc-7.3.1-5.16.el7.x86_64.rpm
devtoolset-7-gcc-c++-7.3.1-5.16.el7.x86_64.rpm
devtoolset-7-libstdc++-devel-7.3.1-5.16.el7.x86_64.rpm
devtoolset-7-runtime-7.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm

另外加上 yum install scl-utils policycoreutils-python （这个配置aliyun源即可）

其它devtoolset-7-toolchain及其相应的依赖包视自己需要下载安装，主要用于调试器、内存检查等。

其他高于centos7.0的系统：

配置的repo内容

vim CentOS-SCLo-vault.repo

[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS-7.4 - SCLo rh
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.4.1708/sclo/x86_64/rh/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

cat CentOS-Vault.repo

# CentOS Vault contains rpms from older releases in the CentOS-7
# tree.

#c7.4.1708
[C7.4.1708-base]
name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - Base
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.4.1708/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1

[C7.4.1708-updates]
name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - Updates
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.4.1708/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1

[C7.4.1708-extras]
name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - Extras
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.4.1708/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1

[C7.4.1708-centosplus]
name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - CentOSPlus
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.4.1708/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1

[C7.4.1708-fasttrack]
name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - CentOSPlus
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.4.1708/fasttrack/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1

# C7.1.1503
[C7.1.1503-base]
name=CentOS-7.1.1503 - Base
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.1.1503/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.1.1503-updates]
name=CentOS-7.1.1503 - Updates
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.1.1503/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.1.1503-extras]
name=CentOS-7.1.1503 - Extras
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.1.1503/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.1.1503-centosplus]
name=CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.1.1503/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.1.1503-fasttrack]
name=CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.1.1503/fasttrack/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

# C7.2.1511
[C7.2.1511-base]
name=CentOS-7.2.1511 - Base
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.2.1511-updates]
name=CentOS-7.2.1511 - Updates
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.2.1511-extras]
name=CentOS-7.2.1511 - Extras
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.2.1511-centosplus]
name=CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.2.1511-fasttrack]
name=CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/fasttrack/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

# C7.3.1611
[C7.3.1611-base]
name=CentOS-7.3.1611 - Base
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.3.1611/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.3.1611-updates]
name=CentOS-7.3.1611 - Updates
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.3.1611/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.3.1611-extras]
name=CentOS-7.3.1611 - Extras
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.3.1611/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.3.1611-centosplus]
name=CentOS-7.3.1611 - CentOSPlus
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.3.1611/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

[C7.3.1611-fasttrack]
name=CentOS-7.3.1611 - CentOSPlus
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.3.1611/fasttrack/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=0

以下是oracle linux 7.9的可用示例：
cat redhat.repo

#
# Certificate-Based Repositories
# Managed by (rhsm) subscription-manager
#
# *** This file is auto-generated.  Changes made here will be over-written. ***
# *** Use "subscription-manager repo-override --help" if you wish to make changes. ***
#
# If this file is empty and this system is subscribed consider
# a "yum repolist" to refresh available repos
#

[ol7_latest]
name=Oracle Linux 7 Latest (x86_64)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

[ol7_optional_latest]
name=Oracle Linux 7 Optional Latest (x86_64)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/optional/latest/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

注，如果在安装时提示如下这样的：

yum install libdtrace-ctf.x86_64 libdtrace-ctf-devel.x86_64
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libdtrace-ctf.x86_64 0:0.7.0-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libdtrace-ctf-devel.x86_64 0:0.7.0-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================
Package                      Arch            Version                Repository           Size
===============================================================================================
Installing:
libdtrace-ctf                x86_64          0.7.0-1.el7            ol7_latest           33 k
libdtrace-ctf-devel          x86_64          0.7.0-1.el7            ol7_latest           19 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================
Install 2 Packages

Total size: 53 k
Installed size: 114 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/ol7_latest/packages/libdtrace-ctf-0.7.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Retrieving key from https://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found

则需要将.repo文件中的gpgcheck=1改为gpgcheck=0