【安装教程】——Linux安装opencv

【安装教程】——Linux安装opencv


(未完待续)

一、安装相关软件包

  1. 安装相关软件包
    打开终端,安装以下软件包
sudo apt install  build-essential
 
sudo apt install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev  
 
sudo apt install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

1.1 运行第二个命令的时候,出现如下错误:

E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

根据提示,输入:

sudo apt-get update

完成后,再次输入第二个命令,就显示成功了。

1.2 运行第三个命令的时候,出现如下错误:

E: Unable to locate package libjasper-dev

参考这个文章,输入:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install libjasper1 libjasper-dev

1)但是再输入第一个命令的时候,又出现如下:

-bash: add-apt-repository: command not found

参考这个文章,安装包:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-get update

显示Reading package lists... Done成功了。
2)接着输入第二个命令,显示90 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
3)输入第三个命令,显示:

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), is another process using it?

参考这个文章,输入ps -e|grep apt-get释放系统锁,但是什么都没有输出。
再次输入第三个命令,输出done. Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.130ubuntu3.13) ...
4)输入第四个命令,输出:

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.5) ...
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link

/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link

/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_train.so.8 is not a symbolic link

/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link

/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8 is not a symbolic link

/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.8 is not a symbolic link

/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_train.so.8 is not a symbolic link

没什么关系,包已经安装好了的。

二、获取Source

  1. 查看Ubuntu版本,可以参考这个连接
  2. 根据对应的版本,从官网下载source包。
    下载成功后解压。

三、安装OpenCV

  1. 进入解压出来的OpenCV-4.5.5 文件夹,创建一个新文件夹,命名为:build
  2. cd到build里,cd /root/opencv-4.5.5/build
  3. 输入:cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
    输出:
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /root/opencv-4.5.5/build

完成。
4. 输入sudo make
报错,输出:

../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFReadDirectory@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFWriteEncodedStrip@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFIsTiled@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFOpen@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFReadEncodedStrip@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFSetField@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFWriteScanline@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFGetField@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFScanlineSize@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFWriteDirectory@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFSetWarningHandler@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFSetErrorHandler@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFReadEncodedTile@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFReadRGBATile@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFClose@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFRGBAImageOK@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFClientOpen@LIBTIFF_4.0'
../../lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.4.5.5: undefined reference to `TIFFReadRGBAStrip@LIBTIFF_4.0'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
modules/core/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_core.dir/build.make:1350: recipe for target 'bin/opencv_test_core' failed
make[2]: *** [bin/opencv_test_core] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:1197: recipe for target 'modules/core/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_core.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [modules/core/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_core.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:162: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

4.1 参考这个,重新cmake

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -D WITH_OPENMP=ON -D ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF ..

然后make -j8,报错,在62%的时候,解决了前面其中一个问题。(看大家都说是在cmake步骤报错,但是我每次cmake都没问题,sudo make就报错。)

Linking CXX static library ../../lib/libopencv_dnn.a
[ 62%] Built target opencv_dnn
Makefile:162: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

4.2 参考这个,再次重新cmake,

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -D WITH_OPENMP=ON -D ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF -D BUILD_TIFF=ON -D BUILD_NEW_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_GTK=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON ..

然后make -j8,报错,在86%的时候,

/root/opencv-4.5.5/samples/cpp/tutorial_code/gapi/doc_snippets/dynamic_graph_snippets.cpp:1:10: fatal error: opencv2/gapi.hpp: No such file or directory
 #include <opencv2/gapi.hpp>
          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_tutorial_dynamic_graph_snippets.dir/build.make:62: recipe for target 'samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_tutorial_dynamic_graph_snippets.dir/tutorial_code/gapi/doc_snippets/dynamic_graph_snippets.cpp.o' failed
make[2]: *** [samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_tutorial_dynamic_graph_snippets.dir/tutorial_code/gapi/doc_snippets/dynamic_graph_snippets.cpp.o] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:10720: recipe for target 'samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_tutorial_dynamic_graph_snippets.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_tutorial_dynamic_graph_snippets.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....

4.3 打开这个文件[/root/opencv4.5.5/samples/cpp/tutorial_code/gapi/doc_snippets/dynamic_graph_snippets.cpp],发现头文件#include <opencv2/gapi.hpp>
待续。。。

### OpenCV-contrib-Python 下载与安装教程 #### 1. 环境准备 在安装 `opencv-contrib-python` 前,需确认已正确配置 Python 开发环境。推荐使用虚拟环境来隔离依赖项并避免冲突。 创建虚拟环境的方法如下: ```bash python -m venv my_env source my_env/bin/activate # Linux/MacOS my_env\Scripts\activate # Windows ``` #### 2. 安装方法 以下是几种常见的安装方式及其适用场景: ##### 方法一:通过 PyPI 官方源安装 访问官方 PyPI 页面获取最新版本号,并执行以下命令完成安装[^1]: ```bash pip install opencv-contrib-python ``` 此方法适用于大多数标准环境,但可能因网络原因导致速度较慢。 ##### 方法二:更换国内镜像源加速安装 为了提高下载效率,可切换至清华大学 TUNA 镜像或其他国内镜像站点[^3]: ```bash pip install opencv-contrib-python -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple ``` 对于特定 Python 版本不支持最新版的情况(如 Python 3.6),可以选择指定较低版本进行安装: ```bash pip install opencv-contrib-python==4.5.5.62 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple ``` ##### 方法三:解决高版本 Python 的兼容性问题 针对 Python 3.10 及以上版本可能出现的导入错误或功能缺失情况,建议直接安装无图形界面的支持包 `opencv-contrib-python-headless`[^4]: ```bash pip install opencv-contrib-python-headless ``` #### 3. 测试安装是否成功 安装完成后可通过以下代码验证模块加载正常与否以及版本信息: ```python import cv2 print(cv2.__version__) # 输出 OpenCV 库的具体版本号 ``` 如果运行上述脚本未报错,则说明安装成功;反之可根据提示排查具体问题。 --- ###
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