本文介绍了如何在Android中进行自动化测试，并生成单元测试报告。首先，展示了原始代码，然后提供了代码优化方案。通过在Eclipse中配置JUnit运行配置，选择自定义的`SampleTestResult`类作为`InstrumentationTestRunner`。运行测试后，可以在手机SD卡中找到测试结果文件，以便进一步分析。此外，为了运行多个测试类，文章建议创建一个`TestSuite`类来整合各个测试用例。
原文来自：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/hunterno4/article/details/14485663
并补充对改代码的优化
代码部分
public class SampleTestResult extends InstrumentationTestRunner {
private static final String JUNIT_XML_FILE = "TEST-all.xml";
private XmlSerializer mTestSuiteSerializer;
private Writer mWriter;
private long mTestStarted;
@Override
public TestSuite getAllTests() {
return new TestSuite();
}
/***
* 开始测试时调用此方法
*/
@Override
public void onStart() {
try {
File fileRobo = new File(getTestResultDir(getTargetContext()));
if (!fileRobo.exists()) {
fileRobo.mkdir();
}
if (isSDCardAvaliable()) {
File resultFile = new File(
getTestResultDir(getTargetContext()), JUNIT_XML_FILE);
startJUnitOutput(new FileWriter(resultFile));
} else {
startJUnitOutput(new FileWriter(new File(getTargetContext()
.getFilesDir(), JUNIT_XML_FILE)));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
super.onStart();
}
/**
* 创建写文件流内容
*
* @param writer
*/
void startJUnitOutput(Writer writer) {
try {
mWriter = writer;
mTestSuiteSerializer = newSerializer(mWriter);
mTestSuiteSerializer.startDocument(null, null);
mTestSuiteSerializer.startTag(null, "testsuites");
mTestSuiteSerializer.startTag(null, "testsuite");
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* 获取测试结果报告文件所在的路径
*
* @param context
* 被测工程的context
* @return 返回测试结果报告文件所在的路径
*/
private String getTestResultDir(Context context) {
String packageName = "/" + "robotium";
String filepath = context.getCacheDir().getPath() + packageName;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 8) {
if (isSDCardAvaliable()) {
filepath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.getAbsolutePath() + packageName;
}
} else {
if (isSDCardAvaliable()) {
filepath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.getAbsolutePath() + packageName;
}
}
return filepath;
}
/***
* 创建写文件方法
*
* @param writer
* @return
*/
private XmlSerializer newSerializer(Writer writer) {
try {
XmlPullParserFactory pf = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlSerializer serializer = pf.newSerializer();
serializer.setOutput(writer);
return serializer;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* 判断SD卡是否存在
*
* @return
*/
private boolean isSDCardAvaliable() {
return Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
}
@Override
public void sendStatus(int resultCode, Bundle results) {
super.sendStatus(resultCode, results);
switch (resultCode) {
case REPORT_VALUE_RESULT_ERROR: // 测试完成-测试错误
case REPORT_VALUE_RESULT_FAILURE:// 测试完成-测试失效
case REPORT_VALUE_RESULT_OK:// 测试完成-测试成功
try {
recordTestResult(resultCode, results);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
break;
case REPORT_VALUE_RESULT_START:// 开始测试
recordTestStart(results);
default:
break;
}
}
/***
* 开始测试时间
*
* @param results
*/
void recordTestStart(Bundle results) {
mTestStarted = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
/***
* 测试结果存放如xml样式
*
* @param resultCode
* @param results
* 测试结果传过来的数据
* @throws IOException
*/
void recordTestResult(int resultCode, Bundle results) throws IOException {
float time = (System.currentTimeMillis() - mTestStarted) / 1000.0f;// 获取系统测试时间
String className = results.getString(REPORT_KEY_NAME_CLASS);// 测试类名称
String testMethod = results.getString(REPORT_KEY_NAME_TEST);// 测试方法
String stack = results.getString(REPORT_KEY_STACK);// 标识一个堆栈跟踪描述错误或失败。这是发送任何状态信息描述一个特定的测试完成。
int current = results.getInt(REPORT_KEY_NUM_CURRENT);// 测试序列号
int total = results.getInt(REPORT_KEY_NUM_TOTAL);// 正在运行测试的总数
mTestSuiteSerializer.startTag(null, "testcase");
mTestSuiteSerializer.attribute(null, "classname", className);
mTestSuiteSerializer.attribute(null, "name", testMethod);
if (resultCode != REPORT_VALUE_RESULT_OK) {
mTestSuiteSerializer.startTag(null, "failure");
if (stack != null) {
String reason = stack.substring(0, stack.indexOf('\n'));
String message = "";
int index = reason.indexOf(':');
if (index > -1) {
message = reason.substring(index + 1);
reason = reason.substring(0, index);
}
mTestSuiteSerializer.attribute(null, "message", message);
mTestSuiteSerializer.attribute(null, "type", reason);
mTestSuiteSerializer.text(stack);
}
mTestSuiteSerializer.endTag(null, "failure");
} else {
mTestSuiteSerializer.attribute(null, "time",
String.format("%.3f", time));
}
mTestSuiteSerializer.endTag(null, "testcase");
if (current == total) {
mTestSuiteSerializer.startTag(null, "system-out");
mTestSuiteSerializer.endTag(null, "system-out");
mTestSuiteSerializer.startTag(null, "system-err");
mTestSuiteSerializer.endTag(null, "system-err");
mTestSuiteSerializer.endTag(null, "testsuite");
mTestSuiteSerializer.flush();
}
}
/***
* 测试结束后调用此方法
*/
@Override
public void finish(int resultCode, Bundle results) {
endTestSuites();
super.finish(resultCode, results);
}
/***
* 创建测试结束文件内容
*/
void endTestSuites() {
try {
mTestSuiteSerializer.endTag(null, "testsuites");
mTestSuiteSerializer.endDocument();
mTestSuiteSerializer.flush();
mWriter.flush();
mWriter.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}2.在Androidmainfest.xml文件中需要进行修改：
原来代码显示为：
<instrumentation
android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
android:targetPackage="com.被测app包名.cn" />修改后的代码显示为：<instrumentation android:name="com.targtime.mtll.testResult.SampleTestResult"
android:targetPackage="com.被测app包名.cn" />
3.编写完成后，需要在eclipse中右键运行时选择“run configurations”-junit-中的需要运行的测试类名，并在test中设置“run时选用的
InstrumentationTestRunner为最新创建的“SampleTestResult类”
4.运行后进入手机SD卡中超找文件，并导出本地结果进行查看
补充：
5.因为多个类可以需要同时运行，所以需要建立一个“TestSuite”类
public class SampleTestSuite extends TestSuite {
public static Test suite() {
TestSuite ts = new TestSuite();
ts.addTestSuite(Test1.class);
ts.addTestSuite(Test2.class);
return ts;
}
}
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