树的遍历(非递归实现)

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Stack;

class TreeNode{
	TreeNode left;
	TreeNode right;
	int val;
	TreeNode(int val){
		this.val=val;
	}
}

public class TreeList {
	
	public static void main(String []args){
		TreeNode n1=new TreeNode(1);
		TreeNode n2=new TreeNode(2);
		TreeNode n3=new TreeNode(3);
		TreeNode n4=new TreeNode(4);
		TreeNode n5=new TreeNode(5);
		TreeNode n6=new TreeNode(6);
		TreeNode n7=new TreeNode(7);
		TreeNode n8=new TreeNode(8);
		TreeNode n9=new TreeNode(9);
		n1.left=n2;
		n1.right=n3;
		n2.left=n4;
		n2.right=n5;
		n3.left=n6;
		n5.left=n7;
		n5.right=n8;
		n6.right=n9;
		
		System.out.print("前序遍历:");
		printList(preOrder(n1));
		
		System.out.print("中序遍历:");
		printList(inOrder(n1));
		
		System.out.print("后序遍历:");
		printList(afterOrder(n1));
		
		System.out.print("层次遍历:");
		printList(PrintFromTopToBottom(n1));
	}
	
	public static void printList(ArrayList<Integer> list){
		for(int i:list){
			System.out.print(i+" ");
		}
		System.out.println();
	}
	
	public static ArrayList<Integer> preOrder(TreeNode root){//先序遍历
		Stack<TreeNode> s=new Stack<TreeNode>();
		ArrayList<Integer> list=new ArrayList<Integer>();
		TreeNode currentNode=root;
		while(currentNode!=null||!s.isEmpty()){
			if(currentNode!=null){
				list.add(currentNode.val);
				s.push(currentNode);
				currentNode=currentNode.left;
			}else{
				currentNode=s.pop();
				currentNode=currentNode.right;
			}
		}
		return list;
	}
		
	public static ArrayList<Integer> inOrder(TreeNode root){//中序遍历
		Stack<TreeNode> s=new Stack<TreeNode>();
		ArrayList<Integer> list=new ArrayList<Integer>();
		TreeNode currentNode=root;
		while(currentNode!=null||!s.isEmpty()){
			if(currentNode!=null){
				s.push(currentNode);
				currentNode=currentNode.left;
			}
			else{
				currentNode=s.pop();
				list.add(currentNode.val);
				currentNode=currentNode.right;
			}
		}
		return list;
	}


	public static ArrayList<Integer> afterOrder(TreeNode root){//后续遍历
		Stack<TreeNode> s=new Stack<TreeNode>();
		Stack<TreeNode> temp=new Stack<TreeNode>();
		ArrayList<Integer> list=new ArrayList<Integer>();
		TreeNode currentNode=root;
		while(currentNode!=null||!s.isEmpty()){
			if(currentNode!=null){
				temp.push(currentNode);
				s.push(currentNode);
				currentNode=currentNode.right;
			}else{
				currentNode=s.pop();
				currentNode=currentNode.left;
			}
		}
		while(!temp.isEmpty()){
			list.add(temp.pop().val);
		}
		return list;
	}
	
	public static ArrayList<Integer> PrintFromTopToBottom(TreeNode root) {//层次遍历
		    ArrayList<Integer> result=new ArrayList<Integer>();
		    if(root==null)return result;
		    else{
		        Queue<TreeNode> q=new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
		        q.add(root);
		        TreeNode tempNode;
		        while(!q.isEmpty()){
		        	tempNode=q.remove();
		            result.add(tempNode.val);
		            if(tempNode.left!=null)q.add(tempNode.left);
		            if(tempNode.right!=null)q.add(tempNode.right);
		        }
		    }
		        
		        return result;
	}
}


在C++中,遍历通常可以通过递归非递归两种方式实现非递归实现通常使用栈来模拟递归调用的过程。以下是二叉的前序、中序和后序遍历非递归实现方法: ### 前序遍历非递归实现 前序遍历的顺序是:根节点 -> 左子 -> 右子。 ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <stack> struct TreeNode { int val; TreeNode* left; TreeNode* right; TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {} }; void preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) { if (root == nullptr) return; std::stack<TreeNode*> stack; stack.push(root); while (!stack.empty()) { TreeNode* node = stack.top(); stack.pop(); std::cout << node->val << " "; if (node->right) stack.push(node->right); if (node->left) stack.push(node->left); } } ``` ### 中序遍历非递归实现 中序遍历的顺序是:左子 -> 根节点 -> 右子。 ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <stack> struct TreeNode { int val; TreeNode* left; TreeNode* right; TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {} }; void inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) { std::stack<TreeNode*> stack; TreeNode* current = root; while (current != nullptr || !stack.empty()) { while (current != nullptr) { stack.push(current); current = current->left; } current = stack.top(); stack.pop(); std::cout << current->val << " "; current = current->right; } } ``` ### 后序遍历非递归实现 后序遍历的顺序是:左子 -> 右子 -> 根节点。 ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <stack> #include <vector> struct TreeNode { int val; TreeNode* left; TreeNode* right; TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {} }; void postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) { if (root == nullptr) return; std::stack<TreeNode*> stack; std::vector<int> result; stack.push(root); while (!stack.empty()) { TreeNode* node = stack.top(); stack.pop(); result.push_back(node->val); if (node->left) stack.push(node->left); if (node->right) stack.push(node->right); } // Reverse the result to get the correct postorder traversal for (auto it = result.rbegin(); it != result.rend(); ++it) { std::cout << *it << " "; } } ``` 这些代码展示了如何在C++中实现二叉的前序、中序和后序遍历非递归版本。通过使用栈来模拟递归调用的过程,我们可以避免递归带来的栈溢出问题,并且使代码更加高效。
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