应用中的异常,有两件事要考虑,怎么处理这个异常,怎么把异常可读性高地返回给前端用户
1.怎么把异常可读性高的返回给前端用户或API的消费者
自定义错误代码和错误内容
2.怎么处理异常
比如遇到某个异常时需要发邮件通知IT团队
@ControllerAdvice 是 Spring Framework 提供的一个注解,用于定义全局的异常处理、数据绑定和模型属性的增强。
它的主要作用是集中管理控制器的全局逻辑,例如异常处理,而不需要在每个控制器中重复编写相同的代码。
主要功能
全局异常处理:通过 @ExceptionHandler 注解 捕获并处理控制器中抛出的异常。
全局数据绑定:通过 @InitBinder 注解对请求参数进行预处理。
全局模型属性:通过 @ModelAttribute 注解为所有控制器提供公共的模型数据
3.自定义错误代码和内容,并且使用@ControllerAdvice统一处理异常
3.1 自定义错误码,可以把Demo换成projectname
public enum ExceptionCode {
IN_VALID_REQUEST("Demo0001", ""),
BAD_REQUEST("Demo400", "Bad Request"),
NOT_FOUND("Demo404", "Resource Not Found"),
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR("Demo500", "Internal Server Error");
private final String code;
private final String message;
ExceptionCode(String code, String message) {
this.code = code;
this.message = message;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
}
3.2 自定义异常InvalidationException
public class InvalidationRequestException extends RuntimeException {
public InvalidationRequestException(String message) {
super(message);
}
public InvalidationRequestException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}
3.3 自定义ExceptionAdvice,统一处理exception
当controller中抛出InvalidationRequestException时,就会被@ControllerAdvice 中的 @ExceptionHandler handleInvalidationException()方法捕获并处理该异常
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);
@ExceptionHandler(InvalidationRequestException.class)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> handleInvalidationException(InvalidationRequestException ex) {
logger.warn("InvalidationRequestException: {}", ex.getMessage());
//其它异常处理逻辑,比如发邮件,打电话通知IT团队
//返回给UI或API消费者
Map<String, String> response = new HashMap<>();
response.put("code", ExceptionCode.IN_VALIDATED_REQUEST.getCode());
response.put("detail",ex.getMessage());
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(response);
}
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public ResponseEntity<String> handleGenericException(Exception ex) {
return new ResponseEntity<>("An error occurred: " + ex.getMessage(), HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
}
3.4 controller, 抛出InvalidationException异常
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class DemoController {
@GetMapping("/validate")
public String validateParameter(@RequestParam String input) {
if (input == null || input.trim().isEmpty()) {
throw new InvalidationRequestException("Input parameter is invalid or empty");
}
return "Input is valid: " + input;
}
}
3.5 测试
启动应用,访问 http://localhost:8082/validate?input
校验失败时,返回http状态码是400,body如下
{
"code": "Demo0001",
"detail": "Input parameter is invalid or empty"
}
==========================================
1.异常直接抛出
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class DemoController {
@GetMapping("/throwException")
public String throwException() {
throw new RuntimeException("This is a runtime exception!");
}
}
启动应用,访问 http://localhost:8082/throwException
会获得一个状态码为500的异常 An error occurred: This is a runtime exception!
思考:这个异常对用户或者call API的消费者来说,可读性太低,不能明确的知道是什么错误
2.自定义状态码和错误信息,返回给前端用户或者API 消费者可读性高的异常
自定义错误码,可以把Demo换成projectname
public enum ExceptionCode {
IN_VALIDATED_REQUEST("Demo0001", ""),
BAD_REQUEST("Demo400", "Bad Request"),
NOT_FOUND("Demo404", "Resource Not Found"),
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR("Demo500", "Internal Server Error");
private final String code;
private final String message;
ExceptionCode(String code, String message) {
this.code = code;
this.message = message;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
}
controller抛出异常
import com.example.demo_async.exception.ExceptionCode;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
public class DemoController {
@GetMapping("/testErrorCode")
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> testErrorCode() {
Map<String, String> response = new HashMap<>();
response.put("code", ExceptionCode.BAD_REQUEST.getCode());
response.put("detail", ExceptionCode.BAD_REQUEST.getMessage());
return new ResponseEntity<>(response, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
}
}
返回http status 400, body 如下
{
"code": "Demo400",
"detail": "Bad Request"
}
思考:如果有很多个controller方法都会抛出这个异常,就需要在每个方法里写一遍异常处理的逻辑,会产生大量的重复代码,怎么解决呢?