UNIX shell -- trick and experience (20090423)

最新推荐文章于 2016-05-09 17:02:26 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2016-05-09 17:02:26 发布 · 268 阅读

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本文提供了一系列UNIX系统管理技巧与经验，包括自动化日常任务、备份重要文件、常规工作流程优化、禁用不必要的守护进程、确保守护进程运行等。详细介绍了如何通过脚本设置时区、使用fuser替代ps、快速建立磁盘交换分区、使用nohup保持进程运行、重定向输出到NULL设备、限制用户登录等实用技巧。

UNIX -- trick and experience

author: kirk waingrow

just a copy,please refer freely

chapter 1 system management

overview:
daily jobs automation
system modification

section 1 collect system messages
# hostname
# grep 'hostname' /etc/hosts | awk '{print $3}'
# hostid
# uname -a
# dmesg
# df

section 2 backup important files
kernel files:/kernel;/unix or /vmunix
password file:/etc/passwd
group files:/etc/group
host table:/etc/hosts
filesystem table:/etc/fstab or /etc/vfstab
sendmail config file:/usr/lib/sendmail.cf or /usr/lib/sendmail.fc or /usr/lib/sendmail.mc
inetd config file:/etc/inetd.conf
TTY setting files:/etc/inittab or /etc/ttytab or /etc/ttys
start up scripts:/etc/init.d or /etc/rc#.d

section 3 routine work

TZ={GMT|PST|EDT|...}-24 date + %d
##/bin/bash
FILE = 'runme'
if test 'TZ=PST-24 date + %d' = 1 ;then
$FILE
fi

#!/usr/bin/perl

use POSIX;

@THE_DATE=localtime(time);
++ $ THE_DATE[3];
if((localtime(POXIX::mktime(@THE_DATE)))[3]==1){
exit 0;
}
exit 1;

addition:cron/crontab can not judge whether today is the last day of the current month

reference:localtime tzset tzfile crontab

section 4 disable unnecessary daemon processes

modify:/etc/inetd.conf file with rc file
after modification type command:kill -HUP inetd_PID and check the logfile:/var/adm/messages or /var/adm/SYYLOG

after modify the rc file,you must reboot immediately

addition:inetd inetd.conf rc

section 5 assuring daemon processes are running

addition:cron crontab ps test

section 6 use fuser instead of ps

comparing the commands to get PID ,fuser is more reliable and quick than ps
# fuser /bin/csh
# fuser -k /bin/csh

addition:fuser ps kill

section 7 building disk swap partition quickly

section 8 using nohup command to keep processes running

section 9 redirect output to NULL device

purge useless files

section 10 stoping users login

modify /etc/passwd
modify /etc/inetd.conf
close network interface
close the access of remote shell and telnet
  it needs /etc/nologin
  for example:add the section as below
  the system is down right now fo rroutin e maintenance and should be back online by 23:00 . please

check back at this time . thank you for your understanding . the unix admins .
close the access of remote ftp
  /etc/users
  # cut -d":" -f1 /etc/passwd > /etc/users
  # ypcat passwd | cut -d":' -f1 > /etc/users

addition:inetd nologin users ypcat

section 11 quickly rewinding of tape

# mt -f /dev/rmt/0cbn rewind
# < /dev/rmt/0cbn
# < $DLT ; tar cvf $DLT /usr/spool/mail;< $DLT

addition:mt

section 12 generating a set of continuous digits

#!/bin/sh
# the script name is count
lo=$1;hi=$2

while [ $lo -lt $hi ]
do
echo -n $lo" "
lo='expr $lo + 1'
done

#!/bin/sh
string="the quick brown fox jumped readlly high"
for i in 'echo "5 6 7 8 9"'
do
echo $string | cut -c $i
done

#!/bin/sh
string ="the quick brown fox jumped readlly high"
for i in 'count 5 20' ### count is the script name above
do
echo $string | cut -c $i
done

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