Linux（Centos7）初始化操作

一、基础操作

1. 更改主机名

#1. 执行指令: hostnamectl set-hostname 新主机名
#2. 重启
hostnamectl set-hostname 新主机名

2. 更改本机IP

先查看虚拟机网络信息

2.1 编辑网卡配置文件 ifcfg-ens33

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

BOOTPROTO="static" #dhcp 改为 static
ONBOOT="yes"       #确认 ONBOOT=yes
#底部添加
IPADDR=更改的IP
NETMASK=掩码
GATEWAY=网关
DNS1=114.114.114.114
#备选
DNS2=8.8.8.8 

2.2 重启网卡服务，重新查看IP

systemctl restart network

3. 常用工具安装

注意：如果权限不够，使用root用户下载，或者加上sudo执行

集中安装

yum install -y vim* wget zip unzip epel-release p7zip net-tools lsof

4. 永久关闭selinux

1.编辑配置文件（/etc/selinux/config），将SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled

vim /etc/selinux/config
#SELINUX=disabled

2.重启

reboot

5. 更换阿里云yum源

1.切换至 /etc/yum.repos.d目录,下载阿里云的yum源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d

wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

2.备份现有的yum源

cp CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak

3.更改原yum源的内容

#1. 清空文件内容
> CentOS-Base.repo
#2. 重新添加以下内容
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

4.依次执行以下指令

#1. 清除yum下载文件
yum clean all
#2. 制作缓存
yum makecache
#3. 升级rpm包同时也升级软件和系统内核
yum update