numpy中的 nan 和 inf,及其批量判别、替换

本文详细介绍了NumPy中nan(非数值)与inf(无穷大)的概念、性质及处理方法,包括批量判别与替换,适用于数据预处理与异常值处理。

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1、概念

nan:not a number (非数值)
inf:infinity (inf:正无穷,-inf:负无穷 ),下文中的 inf 包含了两种无穷
numpy 中,nan 和 inf 的类型都是 float 。

2、性质

2-1、多个 nan 之间的比较,地址相等,值不相等

import numpy as np

print(f'nan 之间的值比较 {np.nan == np.nan}')
print(f'nan 之间的地址比较 {np.nan is np.nan}')
Out[18]:
nan 之间的值比较 False
nan 之间的地址比较 True

2-2、nan 与任何值的计算,结果都是 nan

2-3、多个 inf 之间的比较,地址相等,值相等

print(f'inf 之间的值比较 {np.inf == np.inf}')
print(f'inf 之间的地址比较 {np.inf is np.inf}')
Out[19]:
inf 之间的值比较 True
inf 之间的地址比较 True

2-4、0乘以 inf 结果是 nan,其他与 inf 做的简单加、乘运算,结果都是 inf

In[20]: 0 * np.inf
Out[20]:
nan
In[21]: 2341 * np.inf
Out[21]:
inf

In[22]: -241 + np.inf
Out[21]:
inf

2-5、inf 外的其他数除以 inf,结果是0,inf 除以 inf,结果是 nan

In[22]: 894 / np.inf
Out[22]:
0.0

In[23]: np.inf / np.inf
Out[23]:
nan

2-6、所有数都比 -inf 大 所有数都比 +inf 小,+inf 和 +inf 相等,-inf 和 -inf 相等

In[24]: 1.0e-28 > -np.inf
Out[24]:
True

In[25]: 1.e+43 < np.inf
Out[25]:
True

In[26]: np.inf == np.inf
True

In[27]: -np.inf == -np.inf
Out[27]:
True
3、数组中 nan、inf 的批量判别

np.isnan():批量判别数组中每个元素是否为 nan
np.isinf():批量判别数组中每个元素是否为 inf
np.isneginf():批量判别数组中每个元素是否为 +inf
np.isposinf(): 批量判别数组中每个元素是否为 -inf
np.isfinite():批量判别数组中每个元素是否为非 inf 非 nan 的值
以上的返回值都是与被判别数组同维度的 bool 值数组

In[30]:
a1 = np.array([[1, np.nan, np.inf], [np.nan, -np.inf, -0.25]])
print(a1)
print(np.isfinite(a1)
Out[30]:
array([[ 1.  ,   nan,   inf],
       [  nan,  -inf, -0.25]])
array([[ True, False, False],
       [False, False,  True]])
4、数组中 nan、inf 的批量替换

4-1、数组中 nan、inf 值的批量替换

In[31]:
a = np.array([[np.nan, np.nan, 1, 2], [np.inf, np.inf, 3, 4], [1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2, 2]])
print('替换前')
print (a)
where_are_nan = np.isnan(a)
where_are_inf = np.isinf(a)

#nan替换成0,inf替换成nan
a[where_are_nan] = 0
a[where_are_inf] = np.nan
print('替换后')
print(a)
Out[31]:
替换前
[[nan nan  1.  2.]
 [inf inf  3.  4.]
 [ 1.  1.  1.  1.]
 [ 2.  2.  2.  2.]]
替换后
[[ 0.  0.  1.  2.]
 [nan nan  3.  4.]
 [ 1.  1.  1.  1.]
 [ 2.  2.  2.  2.]]

4-2、nan值替换成每列的均值

In[32]:
def fill_ndarray(t1):
    for i in range(t1.shape[1]):  # 遍历每一列(每一列中的nan替换成该列的均值)
        temp_col = t1[:, i]  # 当前的一列
        nan_num = np.count_nonzero(temp_col != temp_col)
        if nan_num != 0:  # 不为0,说明当前这一列中有nan
            temp_not_nan_col = temp_col[temp_col == temp_col]  # 去掉nan的ndarray
 
            # 选中当前为nan的位置,把值赋值为不为nan的均值
            temp_col[np.isnan(temp_col)] = temp_not_nan_col.mean()  # mean()表示求均值。
    return t1
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1 = np.array([[ 0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.],
                 [ 6.,  7., np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan],
                 [12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17.],
                 [18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23.]])
 
 	print('替换前')
 	print(t1)
    t1 = fill_ndarray(t1)  # 将nan替换成对应的均值
    print('替换后')
    print(t1)
Out[32]:
替换前
[[ 0.  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.]
 [ 6.  7. nan nan nan nan]
 [12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.]
 [18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.]]
替换后
[[ 0.  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.]
 [ 6.  7. 12. 13. 14. 15.]
 [12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.]
 [18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.]]

替换成行均值的类似处理即可。

4-3、inf替换成每列的均值
先把所有 inf 都换成 nan,之后参照 3-2 处理即可。

4-4、numpy.nan_to_num(x)
使用说明:用 0 代替数组 x 中的 nan,用有限值代替 inf

In[33]:
a = np.array([[np.nan,np.inf], [-np.nan,-np.inf]])
np.nan_to_num(a)
Out[33]:
array([[ 0.00000000e+000,  1.79769313e+308],
       [ 0.00000000e+000, -1.79769313e+308]])

参考资料:
1、Numpy将nan、inf替换为每列均值或者0
2、Python快速转换numpy数组中Nan和Inf的方法

import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, filedialog import json import os import math import numpy as np class OpticalSystem: def __init__(self): self.surfaces = [] # 存储光学表面对象 self.entrance_pupil_diameter = None # 入瞳直径 (mm) self.entrance_pupil_position = None # 入瞳位置 (相对第一个面顶点) (mm) self.object_infinite = True # 物在无穷远 self.field_angle = None # 半视场角 (度) self.object_distance = None # 物距 (有限远) (mm) self.object_height = None # 物高 (有限远) (mm) self.aperture_angle = None # 孔径角 (有限远) (度) self.light_type = "d" # 色光类型,默认d光 self.ray_paths = [] # 存储光线路径数据 # 计算结果存储 self.results = { "focal_length": None, # 焦距 f' "ideal_image_distance": None, # 理想像距 l' "actual_image_position": None, # 实际像位置 "image_principal_plane": None, # 像方主面位置 lH' "exit_pupil_distance": None, # 出瞳距 lp' "ideal_image_height": None, # 理想像高 y0' "spherical_aberration": None, # 球差 "longitudinal_chromatic": None, # 位置色差 "tangential_field_curvature": None, # 子午场曲 xt' "sagittal_field_curvature": None, # 弧矢场曲 xs' "astigmatism": None, # 像散 Δxts' "actual_image_height": None, # 实际像高 "relative_distortion": None, # 相对畸变 "absolute_distortion": None, # 绝对畸变 "lateral_chromatic": None, # 倍率色差 "tangential_coma": None # 子午慧差 } class Surface: def __init__(self, r=float('inf'), d=0.0, nd=1.0, vd=0.0): self.r = r # 曲率半径 (mm) self.d = d # 厚度/间隔 (mm) self.nd = nd # d光折射率 self.vd = vd # 阿贝数 def to_dict(self): """将表面数据转换为字典""" return { "r": self.r, "d": self.d, "nd": self.nd, "vd": self.vd } @classmethod def from_dict(cls, data): """从字典创建表面对象""" return cls( r=data.get('r', float('inf')), d=data.get('d', 0.0), nd=data.get('nd', 1.0), vd=data.get('vd', 0.0) ) class calculate: def trace_paraxial_ray(surfaces, h0, u0, n0=1.0): """ 近轴光线追迹函数 :param surfaces: 光学表面列表 :param h0: 初始光线高度 :param u0: 初始光线角度(弧度) :param n0: 初始介质折射率 :return: 最后的光线高度角度 """ h = h0 u = u0 n = n0 # 当前介质折射率 for i, surf in enumerate(surfaces): # 计算曲率(平面时曲率为0) c = 0.0 if math.isinf(surf.r) else 1.0 / surf.r # 折射公式:n'u' = nu + (n - n') * c * h n_prime = surf.nd # 折射后折射率 u_prime = (n * u + (n - n_prime) * c * h) / n_prime # 如果当前不是最后一个面,计算传播到下个面的高度 if i < len(surfaces) - 1: d = surf.d # 到下一个面的距离 h_next = h + d * u_prime else: h_next = h # 最后一个面后不需要传播 # 更新参数 h = h_next u = u_prime n = n_prime # 更新为当前面后的折射率 return h, u def calculate_focal_length(surfaces): """ 计算系统焦距 :param surfaces: 光学表面列表 :return: 焦距值(mm) """ # 追迹平行于光轴的光线(无穷远物) h0 = 1.0 # 任意高度,取1便于计算 u0 = 0.0 # 平行于光轴 h_final, u_final = calculate.trace_paraxial_ray(surfaces, h0, u0) # 焦距 f' = -h0 / u_final if abs(u_final) < 1e-10: # 防止除零错误 return float('inf') return -h0 / u_final def calculate_ideal_image_distance(surfaces, object_infinite, object_distance=None): """ 计算理想像距 :param surfaces: 光学表面列表 :param object_infinite: 物是否在无穷远 :param object_distance: 物距(有限远时) :return: 理想像距(mm) """ if object_infinite: # 无穷远物:理想像距等于焦距对应的像距 return calculate.calculate_focal_length(surfaces) else: # 有限远物:使用高斯公式计算理想像距 if object_distance is None: raise ValueError("有限远物需要提供物距") # 计算系统焦距 f_prime = calculate.calculate_focal_length(surfaces) # 高斯公式:1/f' = 1/l' - 1/l # 其中 l 为物距(负值),l' 为像距 l = -object_distance # 物距为负值(物在左侧) # 计算像距 l' if abs(f_prime) < 1e-10: return float('inf') l_prime = 1 / (1/f_prime + 1/l) return l_prime def calculate_principal_plane_position(surfaces): """ 计算像方主面位置 :param surfaces: 光学表面列表 :return: 主面位置(相对于最后一个面顶点,正值表示在右侧) """ # 计算焦距 f_prime = calculate.calculate_focal_length(surfaces) # 追迹平行于光轴的光线 h0 = 1.0 # 初始高度 u0 = 0.0 # 平行于光轴 h_final, u_final = calculate.trace_paraxial_ray(surfaces, h0, u0) # 主面位置 lH' = -h_final / u_final - f_prime if abs(u_final) < 1e-10: return float('inf') return -h_final / u_final - f_prime def calculate_exit_pupil_distance(surfaces, entrance_pupil_position): """ 计算系统的出瞳距 :param surfaces: 光学表面列表 :param entrance_pupil_position: 入瞳位置(相对于第一个面顶点) :return: 出瞳距(相对于最后一个面顶点) """ # 定义初始光线参数 u0 = 0.01 # 小角度(弧度) # 计算第一个面的光线高度 h0 = -entrance_pupil_position * u0 # 进行近轴光线追迹 h_final, u_final = calculate.trace_paraxial_ray(surfaces, h0, u0) # 计算出瞳距:l' = -h_final / u_final if abs(u_final) < 1e-10: # 防止除零错误 return float('inf') return -h_final / u_final def calculate_ideal_image_height(system): """ 计算理想像高 :param system: OpticalSystem对象 :return: 理想像高(mm) """ # 获取系统焦距 focal_length = calculate.calculate_focal_length(system.surfaces) if system.object_infinite: # 无穷远物 # 理想像高 y0' = -f' * tan(ω) field_angle_rad = math.radians(system.field_angle) return -focal_length * math.tan(field_angle_rad) else: # 有限远物 # 获取理想像距 ideal_image_distance = calculate.calculate_ideal_image_distance( system.surfaces, system.object_infinite, system.object_distance ) # 获取主面位置 principal_plane = calculate.calculate_principal_plane_position(system.surfaces) # 计算实际像位置(从最后一个面顶点) actual_image_position = ideal_image_distance + principal_plane # 计算放大率 β = l'/l # l = -object_distance(物在左侧为负) magnification = actual_image_position / (-system.object_distance) # 理想像高 y0' = β * y return magnification * system.object_height class MainApplication: def __init__(self, root): self.root = root self.root.title("光学系统计算程序") self.root.geometry("1000x850") # 创建光学系统对象 self.system = OpticalSystem() # 创建GUI组件 self.create_widgets() # 加载默认设置(如果有) self.load_default_settings() def create_widgets(self): # 主框架 main_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root) main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10) # 文件操作框架 file_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="文件操作") file_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=5, pady=5) # 文件路径输入 ttk.Label(file_frame, text="文件路径:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5) self.file_path_entry = ttk.Entry(file_frame, width=50) self.file_path_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5) # 文件操作按钮 browse_btn = ttk.Button(file_frame, text="浏览...", command=self.browse_file) browse_btn.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5) load_btn = ttk.Button(file_frame, text="加载系统参数", command=self.load_system) load_btn.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5, pady=5) save_btn = ttk.Button(file_frame, text="保存系统参数", command=self.save_system) save_btn.grid(row=0, column=4, padx=5, pady=5) # 左侧面板 - 输入参数 left_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="系统参数输入") left_frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=5, pady=5) # 右侧面板 - 结果展示 right_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="计算结果") right_frame.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=5, pady=5) # 创建左侧面板的子组件 self.create_input_panel(left_frame) # 创建右侧面板的子组件 self.create_result_panel(right_frame) # 计算按钮 calc_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame) calc_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=5, pady=10) calc_btn = ttk.Button(calc_frame, text="开始计算", command=self.calculate, width=15) calc_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10) save_result_btn = ttk.Button(calc_frame, text="保存计算结果", command=self.save_results, width=15) save_result_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10) clear_btn = ttk.Button(calc_frame, text="清除所有", command=self.clear_all, width=15) clear_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10) def browse_file(self): """浏览文件按钮处理函数""" file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename( title="选择文件", filetypes=[("JSON文件", "*.json"), ("所有文件", "*.*")] ) if file_path: self.file_path_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.file_path_entry.insert(0, file_path) def create_input_panel(self, parent): # 入瞳参数 pupil_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(parent, text="入瞳参数") pupil_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=5, pady=5) ttk.Label(pupil_frame, text="入瞳直径 (mm):").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.entrance_diameter_entry = ttk.Entry(pupil_frame, width=15) self.entrance_diameter_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5) ttk.Label(pupil_frame, text="入瞳位置 (mm):").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.entrance_position_entry = ttk.Entry(pupil_frame, width=15) self.entrance_position_entry.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5, pady=5) # 色光类型选择 ttk.Label(pupil_frame, text="色光类型:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.light_type_var = tk.StringVar(value="d") self.light_type_combo = ttk.Combobox(pupil_frame, textvariable=self.light_type_var, width=12, state="readonly") self.light_type_combo["values"] = ("d", "f", "c") self.light_type_combo.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") # 物方参数 object_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(parent, text="物方参数") object_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=5, pady=5) # 物距选择 self.object_var = tk.BooleanVar(value=True) # True: 无穷远, False: 有限远 ttk.Radiobutton(object_frame, text="物在无穷远", variable=self.object_var, value=True, command=self.toggle_object_input).grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5) ttk.Radiobutton(object_frame, text="物在有限远", variable=self.object_var, value=False, command=self.toggle_object_input).grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5) # 无穷远参数 self.infinite_frame = ttk.Frame(object_frame) self.infinite_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="w", padx=5, pady=5) ttk.Label(self.infinite_frame, text="半视场角 (度):").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.field_angle_entry = ttk.Entry(self.infinite_frame, width=15) self.field_angle_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5) # 有限远参数 (初始隐藏) self.finite_frame = ttk.Frame(object_frame) self.finite_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="w", padx=5, pady=5) self.finite_frame.grid_remove() # 初始隐藏 ttk.Label(self.finite_frame, text="物距 (mm):").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.object_distance_entry = ttk.Entry(self.finite_frame, width=15) self.object_distance_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5) ttk.Label(self.finite_frame, text="物高 (mm):").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.object_height_entry = ttk.Entry(self.finite_frame, width=15) self.object_height_entry.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5, pady=5) ttk.Label(self.finite_frame, text="孔径角 (度):").grid(row=0, column=4, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.aperture_angle_entry = ttk.Entry(self.finite_frame, width=15) self.aperture_angle_entry.grid(row=0, column=5, padx=5, pady=5) # 光学表面输入 surface_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(parent, text="光学表面参数") surface_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=5, pady=5) # 表面输入控件 input_frame = ttk.Frame(surface_frame) input_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=5, pady=5) ttk.Label(input_frame, text="曲率半径 (mm):").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5) self.radius_entry = ttk.Entry(input_frame, width=10) self.radius_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5) self.radius_entry.insert(0, "50") ttk.Label(input_frame, text="厚度 (mm):").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5) self.thickness_entry = ttk.Entry(input_frame, width=10) self.thickness_entry.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5, pady=5) self.thickness_entry.insert(0, "5") ttk.Label(input_frame, text="折射率 (nd):").grid(row=0, column=4, padx=5, pady=5) self.nd_entry = ttk.Entry(input_frame, width=10) self.nd_entry.grid(row=0, column=5, padx=5, pady=5) self.nd_entry.insert(0, "1.5") ttk.Label(input_frame, text="阿贝数 (vd):").grid(row=0, column=6, padx=5, pady=5) self.vd_entry = ttk.Entry(input_frame, width=10) self.vd_entry.grid(row=0, column=7, padx=5, pady=5) self.vd_entry.insert(0, "60") button_frame = ttk.Frame(input_frame) button_frame.grid(row=0, column=8, padx=10) add_btn = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="添加表面", command=self.add_surface) add_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) remove_btn = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="删除表面", command=self.remove_surface) remove_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) # 表面列表 list_frame = ttk.Frame(surface_frame) list_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=5, pady=5) columns = ("#", "曲率半径 (mm)", "厚度 (mm)", "折射率 (nd)", "阿贝数 (vd)") self.surface_tree = ttk.Treeview(list_frame, columns=columns, show="headings", height=8) for col in columns: self.surface_tree.heading(col, text=col) self.surface_tree.column(col, width=100, anchor=tk.CENTER) vsb = ttk.Scrollbar(list_frame, orient="vertical", command=self.surface_tree.yview) self.surface_tree.configure(yscrollcommand=vsb.set) self.surface_tree.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) vsb.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y) def create_result_panel(self, parent): # 结果文本框 self.result_text = tk.Text(parent, wrap=tk.WORD) result_scroll_y = ttk.Scrollbar(parent, orient="vertical", command=self.result_text.yview) result_scroll_x = ttk.Scrollbar(parent, orient="horizontal", command=self.result_text.xview) self.result_text.configure(yscrollcommand=result_scroll_y.set, xscrollcommand=result_scroll_x.set) result_scroll_y.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y) result_scroll_x.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X) self.result_text.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) # 设置初始文本 self.result_text.insert(tk.END, "计算结果将显示在此处...\n\n") self.result_text.configure(state=tk.DISABLED) def toggle_object_input(self): """切换物方参数输入界面""" if self.object_var.get(): # 无穷远 self.infinite_frame.grid() self.finite_frame.grid_remove() else: # 有限远 self.infinite_frame.grid_remove() self.finite_frame.grid() def add_surface(self): """添加光学表面""" try: # 获取输入值 r = self.radius_entry.get().strip() d = self.thickness_entry.get().strip() nd = self.nd_entry.get().strip() vd = self.vd_entry.get().strip() # 处理输入值 r = float(r) if r and r.lower() != "inf" else float('inf') d = float(d) if d else 0.0 nd = float(nd) if nd else 1.0 vd = float(vd) if vd else 0.0 # 添加到系统 surface = Surface(r, d, nd, vd) self.system.surfaces.append(surface) # 添加到树形视图 r_str = "平面" if r == float('inf') else f"{r:.2f}" self.surface_tree.insert("", "end", values=( len(self.system.surfaces), r_str, f"{d:.2f}", f"{nd:.4f}", f"{vd:.1f}" )) # 清空输入框 self.radius_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.thickness_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.nd_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.vd_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.radius_entry.focus_set() except ValueError: messagebox.showerror("输入错误", "请输入有效的数字") def remove_surface(self): """删除选中的光学表面""" selected = self.surface_tree.selection() if selected: # 从树形视图中删除 for item in selected: index = int(self.surface_tree.item(item, "values")[0]) - 1 self.surface_tree.delete(item) # 从系统中删除 if 0 <= index < len(self.system.surfaces): self.system.surfaces.pop(index) # 更新剩余表面的序号 for i, item in enumerate(self.surface_tree.get_children()): values = list(self.surface_tree.item(item, "values")) values[0] = i + 1 self.surface_tree.item(item, values=values) def load_system(self): """加载系统参数文件""" file_path = self.file_path_entry.get().strip() if not file_path: messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请输入文件路径") return try: with open(file_path, 'r') as f: data = json.load(f) # 加载系统参数 self.system.entrance_pupil_diameter = data.get("entrance_pupil_diameter") self.system.entrance_pupil_position = data.get("entrance_pupil_position") self.system.object_infinite = data.get("object_infinite", True) self.system.field_angle = data.get("field_angle") self.system.object_distance = data.get("object_distance") self.system.object_height = data.get("object_height") self.system.aperture_angle = data.get("aperture_angle") # 更新UI中的参数值 if self.system.entrance_pupil_diameter is not None: self.entrance_diameter_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.entrance_diameter_entry.insert(0, str(self.system.entrance_pupil_diameter)) if self.system.entrance_pupil_position is not None: self.entrance_position_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.entrance_position_entry.insert(0, str(self.system.entrance_pupil_position)) self.object_var.set(self.system.object_infinite) self.toggle_object_input() if self.system.field_angle is not None: self.field_angle_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.field_angle_entry.insert(0, str(self.system.field_angle)) if self.system.object_distance is not None: self.object_distance_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.object_distance_entry.insert(0, str(self.system.object_distance)) if self.system.object_height is not None: self.object_height_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.object_height_entry.insert(0, str(self.system.object_height)) if self.system.aperture_angle is not None: self.aperture_angle_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.aperture_angle_entry.insert(0, str(self.system.aperture_angle)) # 加载表面数据 self.system.surfaces = [] self.surface_tree.delete(*self.surface_tree.get_children()) surfaces_data = data.get("surfaces", []) for surf_data in surfaces_data: surface = Surface.from_dict(surf_data) self.system.surfaces.append(surface) r_str = "平面" if surface.r == float('inf') else f"{surface.r:.2f}" self.surface_tree.insert("", "end", values=( len(self.system.surfaces), r_str, f"{surface.d:.2f}", f"{surface.nd:.4f}", f"{surface.vd:.1f}" )) messagebox.showinfo("成功", f"系统参数已从 {os.path.basename(file_path)} 加载") # 显示加载的系统信息 self.result_text.configure(state=tk.NORMAL) self.result_text.delete(1.0, tk.END) self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"已加载系统参数文件: {file_path}\n") self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"包含 {len(self.system.surfaces)} 个光学表面\n") self.result_text.configure(state=tk.DISABLED) except FileNotFoundError: messagebox.showerror("错误", f"文件不存在: {file_path}") except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("加载错误", f"加载文件失败: {str(e)}") def save_system(self): """保存系统参数文件""" # 更新系统参数 if not self.update_system_from_ui(): return # 如果没有表面数据,提示用户 if not self.system.surfaces: messagebox.showwarning("警告", "没有光学表面数据,无法保存") return file_path = self.file_path_entry.get().strip() if not file_path: messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请输入保存路径") return try: # 准备保存数据 data = { "entrance_pupil_diameter": self.system.entrance_pupil_diameter, "entrance_pupil_position": self.system.entrance_pupil_position, "object_infinite": self.system.object_infinite, "field_angle": self.system.field_angle, "object_distance": self.system.object_distance, "object_height": self.system.object_height, "aperture_angle": self.system.aperture_angle, "surfaces": [surf.to_dict() for surf in self.system.surfaces] } with open(file_path, 'w') as f: json.dump(data, f, indent=4) messagebox.showinfo("成功", f"系统参数已保存到 {os.path.basename(file_path)}") # 显示保存信息 self.result_text.configure(state=tk.NORMAL) self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"系统参数已保存到: {file_path}\n") self.result_text.configure(state=tk.DISABLED) except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("保存错误", f"保存文件失败: {str(e)}") def save_results(self): """保存计算结果到文件""" if not self.system.results or all(v is None for v in self.system.results.values()): messagebox.showwarning("警告", "没有计算结果可保存") return file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename( title="保存计算结果", defaultextension=".txt", filetypes=[("文本文件", "*.txt"), ("所有文件", "*.*")] ) if not file_path: return try: with open(file_path, 'w') as f: # 写入系统参数摘要 f.write("===== 光学系统参数 =====\n") f.write(f"入瞳直径: {self.system.entrance_pupil_diameter} mm\n") f.write(f"入瞳位置: {self.system.entrance_pupil_position} mm\n") f.write(f"色光类型: {self.system.light_type}\n") f.write("物距类型: " + ("无穷远" if self.system.object_infinite else "有限远") + "\n") if self.system.object_infinite: f.write(f"半视场角: {self.system.field_angle} 度\n") else: f.write(f"物距: {self.system.object_distance} mm\n") f.write(f"物高: {self.system.object_height} mm\n") f.write(f"孔径角: {self.system.aperture_angle} 度\n") f.write("\n光学表面参数:\n") for i, surf in enumerate(self.system.surfaces): r_str = "平面" if surf.r == float('inf') else f"{surf.r:.2f} mm" f.write(f"表面 {i+1}: r={r_str}, d={surf.d:.2f} mm, nd={surf.nd:.4f}, vd={surf.vd:.1f}\n") # 写入计算结果 f.write("\n\n===== 计算结果 =====\n") for key, value in self.system.results.items(): if value is not None: # 格式化键名 label = self.format_result_label(key) f.write(f"{label}: {value}\n") messagebox.showinfo("成功", f"计算结果已保存到 {os.path.basename(file_path)}") # 显示保存信息 self.result_text.configure(state=tk.NORMAL) self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"计算结果已保存到: {file_path}\n") self.result_text.configure(state=tk.DISABLED) except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("保存错误", f"保存计算结果失败: {str(e)}") def format_result_label(self, key): """格式化结果标签为中文描述""" labels = { "focal_length": "焦距 f' (mm)", "ideal_image_distance": "理想像距 l' (mm)", "actual_image_position": "实际像位置 (mm)", "image_principal_plane": "像方主面位置 lH' (mm)", "exit_pupil_distance": "出瞳距 lp' (mm)", "ideal_image_height": "理想像高 y0' (mm)", "spherical_aberration": "球差 (mm)", "longitudinal_chromatic": "位置色差 (mm)", "tangential_field_curvature": "子午场曲 xt' (mm)", "sagittal_field_curvature": "弧矢场曲 xs' (mm)", "astigmatism": "像散 Δxts' (mm)", "actual_image_height": "实际像高 (mm)", "relative_distortion": "相对畸变 (%)", "absolute_distortion": "绝对畸变 (mm)", "lateral_chromatic": "倍率色差 (mm)", "tangential_coma": "子午慧差 (mm)" } return labels.get(key, key) def update_system_from_ui(self): """从UI更新系统参数""" try: # 入瞳参数 if self.entrance_diameter_entry.get(): self.system.entrance_pupil_diameter = float(self.entrance_diameter_entry.get()) if self.entrance_position_entry.get(): self.system.entrance_pupil_position = float(self.entrance_position_entry.get()) # 色光类型 self.system.light_type = self.light_type_var.get() # 物方参数 self.system.object_infinite = self.object_var.get() if self.system.object_infinite: if self.field_angle_entry.get(): self.system.field_angle = float(self.field_angle_entry.get()) else: if self.object_distance_entry.get(): self.system.object_distance = float(self.object_distance_entry.get()) if self.object_height_entry.get(): self.system.object_height = float(self.object_height_entry.get()) if self.aperture_angle_entry.get(): self.system.aperture_angle = float(self.aperture_angle_entry.get()) except ValueError: messagebox.showerror("输入错误", "请输入有效的数字") return False return True def calculate(self): """执行光学计算""" # 更新系统参数 if not self.update_system_from_ui(): return # 检查必要参数 if not self.system.surfaces: messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请至少添加一个光学表面") return if self.system.entrance_pupil_diameter is None: messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请输入入瞳直径") return if self.system.object_infinite and self.system.field_angle is None: messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请输入半视场角") return if not self.system.object_infinite and ( self.system.object_distance is None or self.system.object_height is None or self.system.aperture_angle is None ): messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请输入完整的有限远参数") return # 执行计算 - 这里调用您的计算函数 self.perform_calculations() # 显示结果 self.display_results() # 显示计算完成消息 messagebox.showinfo("计算完成", "光学计算已完成,结果已显示在结果区域") def perform_calculations(self): """执行光学计算 - 这里调用您的实际计算函数""" # 重置结果 for key in self.system.results: self.system.results[key] = None # 示例:设置一些假结果用于演示 # 计算焦距 focal_length = calculate.calculate_focal_length(self.system.surfaces) self.system.results["focal_length"] = focal_length # 计算主面位置 principal_plane = calculate.calculate_principal_plane_position(self.system.surfaces) self.system.results["image_principal_plane"] = principal_plane # 计算理想像距 ideal_image_distance = calculate.calculate_ideal_image_distance( self.system.surfaces, self.system.object_infinite, self.system.object_distance ) self.system.results["ideal_image_distance"] = ideal_image_distance +principal_plane # 计算出瞳距 if self.system.entrance_pupil_position is not None: exit_pupil_distance = calculate.calculate_exit_pupil_distance( self.system.surfaces, self.system.entrance_pupil_position ) self.system.results["exit_pupil_distance"] = exit_pupil_distance # 计算理想像高 ideal_image_height = calculate.calculate_ideal_image_height(self.system) self.system.results["ideal_image_height"] = ideal_image_height #计算实际像位置 actual_image_position = calculate.calculate_actual_image_position(self.system) self.system.results["actual_image_position"] = actual_image_position #计算实际像高 self.system.results["actual_image_height"] = calculate.calculate_actual_image_height( self.system, actual_image_position ) #计算球差 self.system.results["spherical_aberration"] = calculate.calculate_spherical_aberration(self.system) # 实际应用中,您需要调用您自己的计算函数 ##self.system.results["focal_length"] = 50.0 ##self.system.results["ideal_image_distance"] = 48.5 # self.system.results["actual_image_position"] = 48.7 ##self.system.results["image_principal_plane"] = -1.2 ##self.system.results["exit_pupil_distance"] = 45.3 ##self.system.results["ideal_image_height"] = 10.2 #self.system.results["spherical_aberration"] = 0.05 self.system.results["longitudinal_chromatic"] = 0.02 self.system.results["tangential_field_curvature"] = 0.15 self.system.results["sagittal_field_curvature"] = 0.12 self.system.results["astigmatism"] = 0.03 #self.system.results["actual_image_height"] =0 self.system.results["relative_distortion"] = -0.5 self.system.results["absolute_distortion"] = -0.05 self.system.results["lateral_chromatic"] = 0.01 self.system.results["tangential_coma"] = 0.04 def display_results(self): """在结果文本框中显示计算结果""" self.result_text.configure(state=tk.NORMAL) self.result_text.delete(1.0, tk.END) # 添加系统参数摘要 self.result_text.insert(tk.END, "===== 光学系统参数 =====\n", "title") self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"入瞳直径: {self.system.entrance_pupil_diameter} mm\n") self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"入瞳位置: {self.system.entrance_pupil_position} mm\n") self.result_text.insert(tk.END, "物距类型: " + ("无穷远" if self.system.object_infinite else "有限远") + "\n") self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"色光类型: {self.system.light_type}\n") if self.system.object_infinite: self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"半视场角: {self.system.field_angle} 度\n") else: self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"物距: {self.system.object_distance} mm\n") self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"物高: {self.system.object_height} mm\n") self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"孔径角: {self.system.aperture_angle} 度\n") self.result_text.insert(tk.END, "\n光学表面参数:\n") for i, surf in enumerate(self.system.surfaces): r_str = "平面" if surf.r == float('inf') else f"{surf.r:.2f} mm" self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"表面 {i+1}: r={r_str}, d={surf.d:.2f} mm, nd={surf.nd:.4f}, vd={surf.vd:.1f}\n") # 添加计算结果 self.result_text.insert(tk.END, "\n\n===== 计算结果 =====\n", "title") # 计算关键结果 key_results = [ "focal_length", "ideal_image_distance", "actual_image_position", "image_principal_plane", "exit_pupil_distance", "ideal_image_height" ] for key in key_results: if self.system.results[key] is not None: label = self.format_result_label(key) self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"{label}: {self.system.results[key]}\n") # 添加像差结果 self.result_text.insert(tk.END, "\n像差分析:\n", "subtitle") aberrations = [ "spherical_aberration", "longitudinal_chromatic", "tangential_field_curvature", "sagittal_field_curvature", "astigmatism", "actual_image_height", "relative_distortion", "absolute_distortion", "lateral_chromatic", "tangential_coma" ] for key in aberrations: if self.system.results[key] is not None: label = self.format_result_label(key) self.result_text.insert(tk.END, f"{label}: {self.system.results[key]}\n") self.result_text.configure(state=tk.DISABLED) def clear_all(self): """清除所有输入结果""" # 清除系统参数 self.system = OpticalSystem() # 清除UI输入 self.file_path_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.entrance_diameter_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.entrance_position_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.field_angle_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.object_distance_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.object_height_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.aperture_angle_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.radius_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.radius_entry.insert(0, "50") self.thickness_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.thickness_entry.insert(0, "5") self.nd_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.nd_entry.insert(0, "1.5") self.vd_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.vd_entry.insert(0, "60") # 清除表面列表 self.surface_tree.delete(*self.surface_tree.get_children()) self.system.surfaces = [] # 清除结果 self.result_text.configure(state=tk.NORMAL) self.result_text.delete(1.0, tk.END) self.result_text.insert(tk.END, "计算结果将显示在此处...\n\n") self.result_text.configure(state=tk.DISABLED) # 重置物距类型 self.object_var.set(True) self.toggle_object_input() messagebox.showinfo("清除完成", "所有输入结果已清除") def load_default_settings(self): """加载默认设置(可选)""" # 这里可以添加加载默认设置的逻辑 pass if __name__ == "__main__": root = tk.Tk() app = MainApplication(root) # 设置文本样式 app.result_text.tag_config("title", font=("Arial", 10, "bold")) app.result_text.tag_config("subtitle", font=("Arial", 9, "bold")) root.mainloop() 在calculate类中添加实际光线追迹函数(轴上点轴外点,无穷远物有限远物),实际像位置计算函数,实际像高计算函数
最新发布
06-27
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