mosquitto(windows)作为broker，paho作为client

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本文介绍如何使用Paho MQTT C客户端库进行消息发布与订阅操作。通过同步发布消息和异步接收消息的例子，展示了如何连接MQTT代理、发送消息及接收消息的完整流程。

环境: client :ubuntu

broker:windows 32bit

下载mosquitto 的exe版本，直接安装运行，如果不过，请自行上网搜索安装过程以及解决办法；

本文主要讲解paho的demo过程，而且还是参考其他人的博客，博客地址：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qingdujun/article/details/71055759#mqtt-c-client%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98

1.首先现在paho的C版本，在github上搜索即可，或者https://github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.c，打开源码可以看到里面包含了makefile，所以我没有使用cmake，直接make；可以看到在当前路径下多处了一个build的文件夹，进去可以看到里面有好几个动态库文件。这几个就是我们需要的库文件，（原生的哦，没有裁剪的）。

2.新建demo文件夹（用来实现例子，随便什么地方存放都行），在demo下新建lib、src、include文件夹，将paho源码中的src文件夹中的MQTTClient.h 、 MQTTClientPersistence.h拷贝到include文件夹下，将源码中build文件夹下libpaho-mqtt3c.so.1拷贝到lib下，新建软链接ln -sf libpaho-mqtt3c.so.1.0 libpaho-mqtt3c.so.1 ln -sf libpaho-mqtt3c.so.1 libpaho-mqtt3c.so

3.参考上边大神的博客，直接用几个函数搞定：

同步pub的：

#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "MQTTClient.h"
#define ADDRESS     "tcp://192.168.1.103:1883"
#define CLIENTID    "ExampleClientPub"
#define TOPIC       "MQTT Examples"
#define PAYLOAD     "Hello World!"
#define QOS         1
#define TIMEOUT     10000L
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    MQTTClient client;
    MQTTClient_connectOptions conn_opts = MQTTClient_connectOptions_initializer;
    MQTTClient_message pubmsg = MQTTClient_message_initializer;
    MQTTClient_deliveryToken token;
    int rc;
    MQTTClient_create(&client, ADDRESS, CLIENTID,
        MQTTCLIENT_PERSISTENCE_NONE, NULL);
    conn_opts.keepAliveInterval = 20;
    conn_opts.cleansession = 1;
    if ((rc = MQTTClient_connect(client, &conn_opts)) != MQTTCLIENT_SUCCESS)
    {
        printf("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    pubmsg.payload = PAYLOAD;
    pubmsg.payloadlen = strlen(PAYLOAD);
    pubmsg.qos = QOS;
    pubmsg.retained = 0;
    MQTTClient_publishMessage(client, TOPIC, &pubmsg, &token);
    printf("Waiting for up to %d seconds for publication of %s\n"
            "on topic %s for client with ClientID: %s\n",
            (int)(TIMEOUT/1000), PAYLOAD, TOPIC, CLIENTID);
    rc = MQTTClient_waitForCompletion(client, token, TIMEOUT);
    printf("Message with delivery token %d delivered\n", token);
    MQTTClient_disconnect(client, 10000);
    MQTTClient_destroy(&client);
    return rc;
}

异步sub：

#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "MQTTClient.h"
#define ADDRESS     "tcp://192.168.1.103:1883"
#define CLIENTID    "ExampleClientSub"
#define TOPIC       "MQTT Examples"
#define PAYLOAD     "Hello World!"
#define QOS         1
#define TIMEOUT     10000L
volatile MQTTClient_deliveryToken deliveredtoken;
void delivered(void *context, MQTTClient_deliveryToken dt)
{
    printf("Message with token value %d delivery confirmed\n", dt);
    deliveredtoken = dt;
}
int msgarrvd(void *context, char *topicName, int topicLen, MQTTClient_message *message)
{
    int i;
    char* payloadptr;
    printf("Message arrived\n");
    printf("     topic: %s\n", topicName);
    printf("   message: ");
    payloadptr = message->payload;
    for(i=0; i<message->payloadlen; i++)
    {
        putchar(*payloadptr++);
    }
    putchar('\n');
    MQTTClient_freeMessage(&message);
    MQTTClient_free(topicName);
    return 1;
}
void connlost(void *context, char *cause)
{
    printf("\nConnection lost\n");
    printf("     cause: %s\n", cause);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    MQTTClient client;
    MQTTClient_connectOptions conn_opts = MQTTClient_connectOptions_initializer;
    int rc;
    int ch;
    MQTTClient_create(&client, ADDRESS, CLIENTID,
        MQTTCLIENT_PERSISTENCE_NONE, NULL);
    conn_opts.keepAliveInterval = 20;
    conn_opts.cleansession = 1;
    MQTTClient_setCallbacks(client, NULL, connlost, msgarrvd, delivered);
    if ((rc = MQTTClient_connect(client, &conn_opts)) != MQTTCLIENT_SUCCESS)
    {
        printf("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Subscribing to topic %s\nfor client %s using QoS%d\n\n"
           "Press Q<Enter> to quit\n\n", TOPIC, CLIENTID, QOS);
    MQTTClient_subscribe(client, TOPIC, QOS);
    do 
    {
        ch = getchar();
    } while(ch!='Q' && ch != 'q');
    MQTTClient_disconnect(client, 10000);
    MQTTClient_destroy(&client);
    return rc;
}

makefile：

CC :=gcc
SRC :=./src/sub.c 
FLAG := -I./include -L./lib
LDFLAGS :=  -lpaho-mqtt3c
all:
	${CC}   ${FLAG}  ${SRC}  -g  -o   sub   ${LDFLAGS}  
.PYTHON:clean
clean:
	-rm -rf demo1  *.o

开启windows上的mosquito：dos下进入mosquitto的安装目录，执行：mosquitto -c mosquitto.conf

上图：