大学英语B116-词汇与语法

本文提供了一系列英语语法练习题,涵盖从基础到高级的各种语法知识点,包括时态、语态、虚拟语气、介词使用等,适合不同水平的学习者进行自我检测和提高。

词汇与语法B

1Nancy works in a shop and _______.

A.so does Alan

B.so Alan too does

C.that does Alan too

D.that Alan too does

答案A

2That man looks familiar to me. He reminds _______ Dr. Richards.

A.me to

B.me

C.me for

D.me of

答案D

3Although they are twins, they have nothing in _________.

A.usual

B.common

C.always

D.fact

答案B

4Modern machinery _______ been installed in this newly-built factory.

A.has

B.have

C.is

D.are

答案A

5Each new way of looking at a situation ________ our understanding and makes it easier to discover new possibilities.

A.deeps

B.deepens

C.deep

D.deeply

答案B

6Every means _______ been tried to solve the difficult problem.

A.have

B.has

C.is

D.are

答案B

7We've ________ paper and ink. Ask Mr. Howard to lend us some.

A.run away with

B.run out of

C.run off

D.run down

答案B

8We offered him our congratulations _______ his passing the college entrance exams.

A.at

B.on

C.for

D.of

答案B

9Mathematics ________ study or science of numbers.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were

答案A

10These flowers ________ a fragrant perfume.

A.give in

B.give across

C.give over

D.give off

答案D

11He helped me ______ my homework.

A.with

B.to

C.about

D.of

答案A

12It is because he is kind and modest ________ he wins the respect of all presents.

A.what

B.which

C.why

D.that

答案D

13We should not look down ________ the poor people.

A.upon

B.at

C.to

D.of

答案A

14A long time ago, I _______ in London for three years.

A.had lived      

B.have lived

C.lived

D.have been living

答案C

15I am going to _______ the meal, I insist.

A.pay

B.pay for

C.buy       

D.take

答案B

16Fish can't live ______ water.

A.with

B.without

C.in

D.on

答案B

17Farmers use water in many ways. ________, they use water to grow crops.

A.In fact  

B.For example   

C.Besides                                

D.Because of this

答案B

18Who should be responsible ______ the loss of the documents?

A.in                        

B.on                     

C.of            

D.for

答案D

19The children _______ play with them.

A.want that I                            

B.want me for             

C.want me to                

D.are wanting that

答案C

20They all go outing on such a warm spring day ______ Mark. He is busy with his lessons now.

A.beside                              

B.besides                   

C.except for                        

D.except

答案D

21I'm sorry that I've kept you _______ for so long.

A.to wait                    

B.waiting          

C.to be waiting        

D.waited

答案B

22You have caught a bad cold so you _______ stay in bed now.

A.must                       

B.need                        

C.have                       

D.shall

答案A

23We are disappointed to find that the quality of the products here _______ very poor.

A.to be                      

B.have been              

C.is                              

D.being

答案C

24We think _______ highly probable that our plan will work out.

A.them                       

B.it                              

C.what                      

D.that

答案B

25Although we have achieved some success, we should work harder _______ now on.

A.from                       

B.by                  

C.since                       

D.as

答案A

26That company doesn't take credit cards, so customers have to pay ______.

A.dollars                  

B.finance          

C.coins                     

D.cash

答案D

27He has smoked for so many years that he can ______ give it up.

A.directly                           

B.mostly          

C.exactly                  

D.hardly

答案D

28Peter worked so fast with the maths problems ______ a lot of mistakes.

A.as to make                    

B.that made 

C.to make                    

D.that he made

答案D

29China is a wonderful place and there is _______ to see and enjoy.

A.a lot of        

B.many           

C.much         

D.many more         

答案C

30The news made the old lady very ______.

A.sadder    

B.sad    

C.sadly    

D.sadness

答案A

31This is the student _______ I know will pass the TOEFL test.

A.who      

B.whom       

C.whose        

D.what                

答案B

32His example _______ that everyone can become a useful person in society so long as he is willing to work hard.

A.expresses         

B.thinks      

C.indicates        

D.supplies        

答案C

33Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it _______?

A.fixing      

B.to fix           

C.fix             

D.fixed

答案D

34At the _______ of the police, those people ran off in all directions.

A.sight                        

B.look                                  

C.watch                               

D.view

答案A

35Never get off the bus ______it has stopped.

A.if

B.as soon as

C.until

D.or

答案C

36Chinese is spoken by the _____number of people in the world.

A.smallest

B.most

C.largest

D.wide

答案C

37_______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

A.What

B.That

C.This

D.Which

答案B

38A computer can only do _______you have instructed it to do.

A.how

B.after

C.what

D.when

答案C

39Stars have better players, so I _______them to win.

A.hope

B.prefer

C.expect

D.want

答案C

40We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____________office soon.

A.leaves

B.would leave

C.left

D.had left

答案B

41The old man lives _______. He always feels ________.

A.lonely, lonely

B.alone, alone

C.lonely, alone

D.alone, lonely

答案D

42Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?

No, I'd gladly have paid __________for it.

A.twice as much

B.two time as many

C.as much twice

D.so many twice

答案A

43We'll go for a picnic if it ________tomorrow.

A.isn't going to rain

B.won't rain

C.doesn't rain

D.isn't raining

答案C

44One and a half hour _______since we arrive. No one has come to meet us.    

A.have passed

B.was passed

C.pass

D.has passed

答案D

45My father is leaving ______Shanghai tomorrow.         

A.for

B.in

C.into

D.to

答案A

46I'll have a cup of coffee and _____.

A.two breads

B.two piece of breads

C.two pieces of breads

D.two pieces of bread

答案D

47He plays bowling much ____________than he did three years ago.

A.good

B.well

C.wonderfully

D.more wonderfully

答案D

48How many students ________in your class?

A.are there

B.is there

C.there are

D.there is

答案A

49What will be the population of our country by the end of __________.

A.twenty-one century

B.the twenty-one century

C.the twenty-first century

D.twenty-first century

答案C

50You _____do that, if you don't want to. 

A.won't

B.mustn't

C.needn't

D.shouldn't

答案:C

51Of all the students in our class, Betty writes ___________.

A.very carefully

B.most carefully

C.more carefully

D.the most carefully

答案B

52Why not ________ boating with us in the park?          

A.to go

B.going

C.go

D.goes

答案C

53-Would you like a bag of rice?

-Yes. I have ______ rice at home.

A.some

B.little

C.a little

D.any

答案B

54Neither Jack nor I ________ able to persuade his father to attend the wedding.

A.am

B.are

C.were

D.is

答案:A

55We were _______ for half an hour in the traffic and so we arrived late.

A.put back

B.broke down

C.held up

D.kept off

答案C

56Henry is often seen ________ English aloud every morning in the classroom.

A.read

B.reads

C.being read

D.to read

答案D

57Tom is so talkative. I'm sure you'll soon get tired _______ him.

A.of

B.with

C.at

D.on

答案A

58He _______ driving me home, even though I told him I lived nearby.

A.insisted on

B.insisted at

C.insisted that

D.insisted in

答案A

59I am not used to speaking ________ public.

A.in

B.at

C.on

D.to

答案A

60He _______ lives in the house where he was born.

A.already

B.yet

C.still

D.ever

答案C

61We came finally _________ the conclusion that she has been telling lies all the time.

A.of

B.into

C.to

D.at

答案C

62I won’t make the _______ mistake next time.

A.like

B.same

C.near

D.similar

答案B

63It’s ________ that he was wrong.

A.clearly

B.clarity

C.clear

D.clearing

答案C

64You had better ________ a doctor as soon as possible.

A.seeing

B.saw

C.see

D.seen

答案C

65I fell and hurt myself while I ________ basketball yesterday.

A.was playing

B.am playing

C.play

D.played

答案A

66A pair of spectacles ________ what I need at the moment.

A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have

答案A

67Don’t forget ________ the window before leaving the room.

A.to have closed

B.to close

C.having closed

D.closing

答案B

68The reason I did not go abroad was _____ a job in my home town.

A.because

B.due to

C.that I got

D.because of getting

答案C

69The workers are busy ____models for the exhibition.

A.to make

B.with making

C.being making

D.making

答案D

70________ you are leaving tomorrow, we can have dinner together tonight.

A.Since

B.While

C.For

D.Before

答案A

71There ________ a book and some magazines on the desk.

A.is

B.be

C.have

D.has

答案A

72Sunday is the day ____ people usually don’t go to work.

A.when

B.which

C.in which

D.that

答案A

73I often see ______ the road on his way home.

A.he cross

B.him cross

C.him crossed

D.he crossing

答案B

74His mother _____alone since his father died.

A.lived

B.lives

C.has lived

D.is living

答案C

75She wonders ____will happen to her private life in the future.

A.that

B.it

C.this

D.what

答案D

76____ she survived the accident is miracle.

A.What

B.That

C.As

D.Which

答案B

77The young lady coming over to us _____ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that!

A.must be

B.can be

C.would be

D.could be

答案A

78____ you know, David has been well lately.

A.Which

B.As

C.What

D.When

答案B

79Once environmental damage ______, it takes many years for the system to recover.

A.is to do

B.does

C.had done

D.is done

答案D

80Jane’s dress is similar in design ______ her sister’s.

A.like

B.with

C.to

D.as

答案C

81The manager will not _________ us to use his car.

A.have

B.let

C.agree

D.allow

答案D

82It’s bad ________ for you to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.

A.behavior

B.action

C.manner

D.movement

答案A

83Neither John ______ his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.

A.nor

B.or

C.but

D.and

答案:A

84_________her and then try to copy what she does.

A.Mind

B.See

C.Stare at

D.Watch

答案D

85You shouldn’t _______ your time like that, Bob; you have to finish your school work tonight.

A.cut

B.do

C.kill

D.kick

答案C

86Both the kids and their parents ______ English, I think. I know it from their accent.

A.is

B.been

C.are

D.was

答案C

87A police officer claimed he had attempted to ____ paying his fare.

A.avoid

B.reject

C.refuse

D.neglect

答案A

88He is not seriously ill, but only a ______ headache.

A.obvious

B.delicate

C.slight

D.temporary

答案:C

 

 

### Gazebo在ROS Noetic中的spawn服务失败和segmentation fault问题分析 在使用GazeboROS Noetic时,如果遇到`spawn service failed`或`segmentation fault`问题,通常是由多种潜在原因引起的。以下是对这些问题的详细分析以及解决方案。 #### 1. **Spawn Service Failed** `Spawn service failed`通常表示Gazebo无法正确加载模型到仿真环境中。以下是可能的原因及解决方法: - **检查Gazebo插件是否正确配置** 确保`robot_state_publisher`节点已启动,并且URDF或SDF文件中定义的Gazebo插件路径正确[^1]。例如,在SDF文件中,需要明确指定`<plugin>`标签: ```xml <plugin name="gazebo_ros_control" filename="libgazebo_ros_control.so"> <robotNamespace>/</robotNamespace> </plugin> ``` - **确认模型路径是否正确** 如果模型依赖于外部资源(如mesh文件),确保这些资源的路径已在`ROS_PACKAGE_PATH`中定义[^2]。可以通过以下命令检查: ```bash echo $ROS_PACKAGE_PATH ``` 如果路径缺失,可以将其添加到`.bashrc`文件中: ```bash export ROS_PACKAGE_PATH=${ROS_PACKAGE_PATH}:<your_model_path> ``` - **验证`rosparam`设置** 检查`rosparam`中是否正确设置了`robot_description`参数。如果没有正确加载,Gazebo将无法识别模型[^3]。可以通过以下命令验证: ```bash rosparam get /robot_description ``` #### 2. **Segmentation Fault** `Segmentation fault`通常是由内存访问错误引起的,常见原因包括但不限于以下几点: - **Gazebo版本不兼容** 确保安装的Gazebo版本ROS Noetic兼容。推荐使用Gazebo 11,因为它是ROS Noetic的默认版本[^4]。如果使用了其他版本,可能会导致不稳定行为。 - **插件冲突** 如果同时加载了多个插件,可能会引发冲突。建议逐一排查插件,找到导致问题的具体插件[^5]。可以通过注释掉某些插件来测试: ```xml <!-- <plugin name="example_plugin" filename="libexample_plugin.so"> --> ``` - **动态链接库问题** 检查是否存在动态链接库冲突。运行以下命令以验证是否有未解析的符号: ```bash ldd /path/to/your/plugin.so ``` 如果发现缺失的库,可以通过安装相关依赖解决。 - **硬件加速问题** 在某些情况下,GPU驱动或OpenGL设置可能导致`segmentation fault`。尝试禁用硬件加速以测试问题是否解决: ```bash export SVGA_VGPU10=0 ``` #### 3. **调试技巧** 为了更高效地定位问题,可以采用以下调试方法: - **启用Gazebo调试模式** 启动Gazebo时附加`--verbose`选项,查看详细的日志输出: ```bash gazebo --verbose ``` - **使用GDB进行调试** 如果`segmentation fault`持续发生,可以使用GDB捕获崩溃信息: ```bash gdb rosrun gazebo_ros spawn_model ``` 在GDB中运行程序后,若发生崩溃,可使用`bt`命令查看堆栈信息。 #### 示例代码:加载模型到Gazebo 以下是一个示例代码,用于加载URDF模型到Gazebo: ```python import rospy from gazebo_msgs.srv import SpawnModel rospy.init_node('spawn_model') spawn_model_prox = rospy.ServiceProxy('/gazebo/spawn_urdf_model', SpawnModel) model_path = "$(find your_package)/urdf/your_robot.urdf" with open(model_path, "r") as f: model_xml = f.read() spawn_model_prox("robot_name", model_xml, "/robot_namespace", "base_link", "") ``` ### 总结 通过上述分析和解决方案,可以有效解决Gazebo在ROS Noetic中的`spawn service failed`和`segmentation fault`问题。关键在于检查模型配置、插件兼容性以及系统环境设置。
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