SaltStack之return与job的管理

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-07 16:31:02 发布

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本文详细介绍了SaltStack中return组件的作用，如何配置MySQL存储返回数据，以及jobcache的工作原理和job管理。通过实例演示了如何设置返回路径并展示Master与Minion间的交互过程。

SaltStack之return与job管理

SaltStack组件之return

return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序，它支持多种存储方式，比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等，通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录，对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口，我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return，自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后，只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。

#查看所有return列表
[root@master ~]# salt '*' sys.list_returners
minion:
    - carbon
    - couchdb
    - etcd
    - highstate
    - local
    - local_cache
    - mattermost
    - multi_returner
    - mysql
    - pushover
    - rawfile_json
    - slack
    - slack_webhook
    - smtp
    - splunk
    - sqlite3
    - syslog
    - telegram

return流程

return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接，然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意，因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器，所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的，这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包，假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式，那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。

使用mysql作为return存储方式
在所有minion上安装Mysql-python模块

[root@master ~]# salt '*' pkg.install python3-PyMySQL
或者
[root@minion ~]# dnf -y install python3-PyMySQL

部署一台mysql服务器用作存储服务器，此处就直接在192.168.31.139上部署

#创建数据库和表结构
mysql> CREATE DATABASE  `salt`
    -> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
    -> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use salt;
Database changed
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
    -> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    -> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    -> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
    -> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
    ->  `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    -> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    -> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    -> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
    -> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    -> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    -> KEY `id` (`id`),
    -> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
    -> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
    -> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    -> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    -> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    -> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    -> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    -> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

#配置访问权限
mysql> grant all on salt.* to salt@'192.168.31.%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

配置minion

    [root@minion1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
    mysql.host: '192.168.31.139'
    mysql.user: 'salt'
    mysql.pass: 'salt'
    mysql.db: 'salt'
    mysql.port: 3306
    [root@minion1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion

#在Master上测试存储到mysql中
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
minion:
    True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping --return mysql
minion:
    True
#在数据库中查询
mysql> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       fun: test.ping
       jid: 20210708145217962601
    return: true
        id: minion
   success: 1
  full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708145217962601", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "minion"}
alter_time: 2021-07-08 10:52:18
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

job cache

job cache流程

return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互，因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块，比如python-mysql，那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢？
答案是肯定的，这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后，由Master将结果给缓存在本地，然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器，比如存储到mysql中。

开启master端的master_job_cache

    [root@master ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
    [root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
    #return: mysql

    master_job_cache: mysql

    mysql.host: '192.168.31.139'
    mysql.user: 'salt'
    mysql.pass: 'salt'
    mysql.db: 'salt'
    mysql.port: 3306
    [root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

在数据库服务器中清空表内容

mysql> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

在master上再次测试能否存储至数据库

[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
minion:
    True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'df -h'
minion:
    Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    devtmpfs             876M     0  876M   0% /dev
    tmpfs                895M  100K  895M   1% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                895M  8.8M  887M   1% /run
    tmpfs                895M     0  895M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/mapper/cs-root   17G  5.2G   12G  31% /
    /dev/sda1           1014M  195M  820M  20% /boot
    tmpfs                179M     0  179M   0% /run/user/0
    /dev/sr0             9.0G  9.0G     0 100% /mnt

在数据库中查询

mysql> select * from salt.salt_returns;\G
+-----------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| fun       | jid                  | return                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | id     | success | full_ret                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | alter_time          |
+-----------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| test.ping | 20210708150100253341 | true                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | minion | 1       | {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion", "success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708150100253341", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "_stamp": "2021-07-08T15:01:00.335565"}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | 2021-07-08 11:01:01 |
| cmd.run   | 20210708150359046382 | "Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs             876M     0  876M   0% /dev\ntmpfs                895M   60K  895M   1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs                895M  8.8M  887M   1% /run\ntmpfs                895M     0  895M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root   17G  5.2G   12G  31% /\n/dev/sda1           1014M  195M  820M  20% /boot\ntmpfs                179M     0  179M   0% /run/user/0\n/dev/sr0             9.0G  9.0G     0 100% /mnt" | minion | 1       | {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion", "success": true, "return": "Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs             876M     0  876M   0% /dev\ntmpfs                895M   60K  895M   1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs                895M  8.8M  887M   1% /run\ntmpfs                895M     0  895M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root   17G  5.2G   12G  31% /\n/dev/sda1           1014M  195M  820M  20% /boot\ntmpfs                179M     0  179M   0% /run/user/0\n/dev/sr0             9.0G  9.0G     0 100% /mnt", "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708150359046382", "fun": "cmd.run", "fun_args": ["df -h"], "_stamp": "2021-07-08T15:03:59.138507"} | 2021-07-08 11:03:59 |
+-----------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

job管理

#获取任务的jid
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'uptime' -v
Executing job with jid 20210708150731698593
-------------------------------------------

minion:
     11:07:32 up 14:08,  3 users,  load average: 0.05, 0.11, 0.09
#通过jid获取此任务的返回结果     
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210708150731698593
minion:
     11:07:32 up 14:08,  3 users,  load average: 0.05, 0.11, 0.09