本文详细介绍了SaltStack中return组件的作用，如何配置MySQL存储返回数据，以及jobcache的工作原理和job管理。通过实例演示了如何设置返回路径并展示Master与Minion间的交互过程。
SaltStack之return与job管理
SaltStack组件之return
return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序，它支持多种存储方式，比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等，通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录，对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口，我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return，自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后，只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。
#查看所有return列表
[root@master ~]# salt '*' sys.list_returners
minion:
- carbon
- couchdb
- etcd
- highstate
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- mysql
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- slack_webhook
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- telegram
return流程
return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接，然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意，因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器，所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的，这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包，假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式，那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。
使用mysql作为return存储方式
在所有minion上安装Mysql-python模块
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pkg.install python3-PyMySQL
或者
[root@minion ~]# dnf -y install python3-PyMySQL
部署一台mysql服务器用作存储服务器，此处就直接在192.168.31.139上部署
#创建数据库和表结构
mysql> CREATE DATABASE `salt`
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
-> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use salt;
Database changed
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
-> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> KEY `id` (`id`),
-> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
-> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
-> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#配置访问权限
mysql> grant all on salt.* to salt@'192.168.31.%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
配置minion
[root@minion1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
mysql.host: '192.168.31.139'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
#在Master上测试存储到mysql中
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
minion:
True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping --return mysql
minion:
True
#在数据库中查询
mysql> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20210708145217962601
return: true
id: minion
success: 1
full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708145217962601", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "minion"}
alter_time: 2021-07-08 10:52:18
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
job cache
job cache流程
return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互，因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块，比如python-mysql，那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢？
答案是肯定的，这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后，由Master将结果给缓存在本地，然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器，比如存储到mysql中。
开启master端的master_job_cache
[root@master ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
#return: mysql
master_job_cache: mysql
mysql.host: '192.168.31.139'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
在数据库服务器中清空表内容
mysql> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
在master上再次测试能否存储至数据库
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
minion:
True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'df -h'
minion:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 876M 0 876M 0% /dev
tmpfs 895M 100K 895M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 895M 8.8M 887M 1% /run
tmpfs 895M 0 895M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cs-root 17G 5.2G 12G 31% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 195M 820M 20% /boot
tmpfs 179M 0 179M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 9.0G 9.0G 0 100% /mnt
在数据库中查询
mysql> select * from salt.salt_returns;\G
+-----------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| fun | jid | return | id | success | full_ret | alter_time |
+-----------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| test.ping | 20210708150100253341 | true | minion | 1 | {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion", "success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708150100253341", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "_stamp": "2021-07-08T15:01:00.335565"} | 2021-07-08 11:01:01 |
| cmd.run | 20210708150359046382 | "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs 876M 0 876M 0% /dev\ntmpfs 895M 60K 895M 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 895M 8.8M 887M 1% /run\ntmpfs 895M 0 895M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root 17G 5.2G 12G 31% /\n/dev/sda1 1014M 195M 820M 20% /boot\ntmpfs 179M 0 179M 0% /run/user/0\n/dev/sr0 9.0G 9.0G 0 100% /mnt" | minion | 1 | {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion", "success": true, "return": "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs 876M 0 876M 0% /dev\ntmpfs 895M 60K 895M 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 895M 8.8M 887M 1% /run\ntmpfs 895M 0 895M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root 17G 5.2G 12G 31% /\n/dev/sda1 1014M 195M 820M 20% /boot\ntmpfs 179M 0 179M 0% /run/user/0\n/dev/sr0 9.0G 9.0G 0 100% /mnt", "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708150359046382", "fun": "cmd.run", "fun_args": ["df -h"], "_stamp": "2021-07-08T15:03:59.138507"} | 2021-07-08 11:03:59 |
+-----------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
job管理
#获取任务的jid
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'uptime' -v
Executing job with jid 20210708150731698593
-------------------------------------------
minion:
11:07:32 up 14:08, 3 users, load average: 0.05, 0.11, 0.09
#通过jid获取此任务的返回结果
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210708150731698593
minion:
11:07:32 up 14:08, 3 users, load average: 0.05, 0.11, 0.09
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