SaltStack配置管理

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-26 10:07:39 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2024-09-26 10:07:39 发布 · 122 阅读

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

本文介绍了如何使用YAML语言在SaltStack中进行配置管理，包括基础规则、配置文件位置、部署nginx实例和利用topfile实现自动化任务调度。重点讲解了如何通过topfile指定目标主机执行状态文件和高级状态highstate的使用方式。

SaltStack之配置管理

YAML语言
YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:
  family:
    name: Doe
    parents:
      - John
      - Jane
    children:
      - Paul
      - Mark
      - Simone
  address:
    number: 34
    street: Main Street
    city: Nowheretown
    zipcode: 12345

YAML的基本规则：

使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
用 # 表示注释

YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
……
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/text
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
……
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master //由于改的是master下的文件所有需要重新启动salt-master。

注意：

base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名

使用SaltStack配置一个nginx实例

首先在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/nginx
[root@master base]# cd web/nginx/
[root@master nginx]# vim install.sls 
[root@master nginx]# cat install.sls 
nginx-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: nginx

nginx-service:
  service.running:
    - name: nginx
    - enable: True

[root@master nginx]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
│   └── web
│       └── nginx
│           └── install.sls
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

[root@master php]# salt '*' state.sls web.nginx.install
minion1:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: nginx
     Started: 02:58:44.402825
    Duration: 140150.359 ms
……
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 140.431 s

查看

[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; ven>
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-07-19 03:01:04 EDT; 8min ago
  Process: 69251 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCE>
  Process: 69249 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0>
  Process: 69247 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exite>
 Main PID: 69252 (nginx)
    Tasks: 5 (limit: 4743)
   Memory: 17.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─69252 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           ├─69253 nginx: worker process
           ├─69254 nginx: worker process
           ├─69255 nginx: worker process
           └─69256 nginx: worker process

在这里插入图片描述

top file

直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。

top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。

top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

    [root@master nginx]# cd /srv/salt/base/
    [root@master base]# vim top.sls
    base:    #要执行状态文件的环境
      'minion1':   #要执行状态文件的目标
        - web.nginx.install   #要执行的状态文件
    #停止minion1的nginx
    [root@minion1 ~]# systemctl stop nginx
    #用高级状态执行状态文件
    [root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate
    [root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate
    master:
    ----------
              ID: states
        Function: no.None
          Result: False
         Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details. #这里是正常的，因为top file里没有指定他要做什么事
         Changes:   

    Summary for master
    ------------
    Succeeded: 0
    Failed:    1
    ------------
    Total states run:     1
    Total run time:   0.000 ms
    minion1:
    ----------
              ID: nginx-install
        Function: pkg.installed
            Name: nginx
          Result: True
         Comment: All specified packages are already installed
         Started: 02:56:06.242460
        Duration: 742.896 ms
         Changes:   
    ----------
              ID: nginx-service
        Function: service.running
            Name: nginx
          Result: True
         Comment: Service nginx is already enabled, and is running
         Started: 02:56:06.986551
        Duration: 167.029 ms
         Changes:   
                  ----------
                  nginx:
                      True

    Summary for minion1
    ------------
    Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
    Failed:    0
    ------------
    Total states run:     2
    Total run time: 909.925 ms
    ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
    #查看minion1的nginx的状态
    [root@minion1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
    ● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-07-04 02:56:07 EDT; 18s ago
      Process: 27546 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 27544 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 27543 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 27548 (nginx)
        Tasks: 2 (limit: 4741)
       Memory: 4.1M
       CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
               ├─27548 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
               └─27549 nginx: worker process

    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 nginx[27544]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 nginx[27544]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

注意：
若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt ‘*’ state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

高级状态highstate的使用

管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态

[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate   //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令

注意：
上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。

若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。

    #停掉minion1上的nginx1服务
    [root@minion1 ~]# systemctl stop nginx
    [root@minion1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
    ● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2021-07-04 02:58:28 EDT; 13s ago
      Process: 27546 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 27544 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 27543 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 27548 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 nginx[27544]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 nginx[27544]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
    Jul 04 02:58:28 minion1 systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
    Jul 04 02:58:28 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Succeeded.
    Jul 04 02:58:28 minion1 systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
    #在master上执行高级状态的测试
    [root@master base]# salt 'minion1' state.highstate test=True
    minion1:
    ----------
              ID: nginx-install
        Function: pkg.installed
            Name: nginx
          Result: True
         Comment: All specified packages are already installed
         Started: 03:00:09.129614
        Duration: 745.065 ms
         Changes:   
    ----------
              ID: nginx-service
        Function: service.running
            Name: nginx
          Result: None
         Comment: Service nginx is set to start
         Started: 03:00:09.875923
        Duration: 40.279 ms
         Changes:   

    Summary for minion1
    ------------
    Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
    Failed:    0
    ------------
    Total states run:     2
    Total run time: 785.344 ms
    #在minion1上查看nginx是否启动
    [root@minion1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
    ● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2021-07-04 02:58:28 EDT; 2min 16s ago
      Process: 27546 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 27544 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 27543 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 27548 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 nginx[27544]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 nginx[27544]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
    Jul 04 02:56:07 minion1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
    Jul 04 02:58:28 minion1 systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
    Jul 04 02:58:28 minion1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Succeeded.
    Jul 04 02:58:28 minion1 systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
    #没有启动，因此高级状态并没有执行，只是测试，告诉我们将会做什么