该博客介绍了如何结合rsync和inotify实现文件系统的实时同步，详细阐述了在目标服务器和源服务器上配置rsync、设置Inotify监控、创建认证文件、编写监控脚本并设置开机自启的过程，确保了.runtime目录的改动能够快速同步到目标服务器。
rsync
rsync 具有如下的基本特性：
可以镜像保存整个目录树和文件系统
可以很容易做到保持原来文件的权限、时间、软硬链接等
无须特殊权限即可安装
优化的流程，文件传输效率高
可以使用 rsh、ssh 方式来传输文件，当然也可以通过直接的 socket 连接
支持匿名传输，以方便进行网站镜象
Inotify是一种强大的、细粒度的、异步的文件系统事件监控机制，linux内核从2.6.13起，加入了Inotify支持，通过Inotify可以监控文件系统中添加、删除，修改、移动等各种细微事件，利用这个内核接口，第三方软件就可以监控文件系统下文件的各种变化情况，而inotify-tools就是这样的一个第三方软件
实例
.部署rsync+inotify同步/runtime目录至目标服务器的/NAME/下。这里的NAME是指你的名字，比如你叫tom，则要把/runtime目录同步至目标服务器的/tom/下。
配置方法
目标服务器
关闭防火墙 并且安装rsync
[root@czh ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@czh ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@czh ~]# setenforce 0
[root@czh ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@czh ~]# yum -y install rsync
创建目标文件夹和用户
[root@czh ~]# useradd czh
[root@czh ~]# id czh
uid=1000(czh) gid=1000(czh) 组=1000(czh)
[root@czh ~]# chmod 777 /home/czh/
[root@czh ~]# ll /home/czh/
总用量 0
[root@czh ~]# ll /home
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwx. 2 czh czh 62 6月 7 20:00 czh
设置/etc/rsyncd.conf的配置文件
[root@czh ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
[root@czh ~]# cat /etc/rsyncd.conf
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
pidfile = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
secrets file = /etc/rsync.pass
[runtime]
path = /home/hf
uid = root
gid = root
port = 873
ignore errors
use chroot = no
read only = no
list = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
auth users = admin
hosts allow = 192.168.31.140
创建用户认证文件并且设置权限
[root@czh ~]# echo 'admin:123456' > /etc/rsync.pass
[root@czh ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync*
[root@czh ~]# ll /etc/rsync*
-rw-------. 1 root root 323 6月 7 20:03 /etc/rsyncd.conf
-rw-------. 1 root root 13 6月 7 20:05 /etc/rsync.pass
编写.service文件
[root@czh ~]# echo 'OPTIONS=""' > /etc/sysconfig/rsyncd
[root@czh ~]# vim /lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service
[root@czh ~]# cat /lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service
[Unit]
Description=fast remote file copy program daemon
[Service]
User=root
Group=root
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/rsyncd
ExecStart=/usr/bin/rsync --daemon --config=/etc/rsyncd.conf --no-detach
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=30s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
设置服务开机自启
[root@czh ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service
[root@czh ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@czh ~]# systemctl status rsyncd.service
● rsyncd.service - fast remote file copy program daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service; enabled; vendor preset: >
Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-06-07 20:07:08 EDT; 22s ago
Main PID: 222634 (rsync)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 11201)
Memory: 276.0K
CGroup: /system.slice/rsyncd.service
└─222634 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon --config=/etc/rsyncd.conf --no-detach
6月 07 20:07:08 czh systemd[1]: Started fast remote file copy program daemon.
[root@czh ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 5 0.0.0.0:873 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::]:873 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
源服务器
关闭防火墙 安装rsync和inotify-tools
[root@czh ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@czh ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@czh ~]# setenforce 0
[root@czh ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
配置yum源，安装 rsync epel-release 和inotify-tools
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@czh yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@czh yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@czh yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@czh yum.repos.d]# yum -y install rsync
[root@czh yum.repos.d]# yum -y install inotify-tools
创建认证密码文件并设置权限
[root@czh yum.repos.d]# echo '123456' > /etc/rsync.pass
[root@czh yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@czh ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass
[root@czh ~]# ll /etc/rsync.pass
-rw-------. 1 root root 7 6月 7 20:18 /etc/rsync.pass
编写监控runtime目录并且发生改变时执行rsync的脚本
[root@czh ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@czh ~]# vim /scripts/inotify.sh
[root@czh ~]# cat /scripts/inotify.sh
host=192.168.31.139
src=/runtime/
des=runtime
password=/etc/rsync.pass
user=admin
inotifywait=/usr/bin/inotifywait
$inotifywait -mrq --timefmt '%Y%m%d %H:%M' --format '%T %w%f%e' -e modify,delete,create,attrib $src \
| while read files;do
rsync -avzP --delete --timeout=100 --password-file=${password} $src $user@$host::$des
echo "${files} was rsynced" >>/tmp/rsync.log 2>&1
done
[root@czh ~]# chmod 755 /scripts/inotify.sh
[root@czh ~]# ll /scripts/inotify.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 396 6月 7 20:20 /scripts/inotify.sh
执行脚本
[root@czh ~]# nohup bash /scripts/inotify.sh &
[1] 504197
[root@czh ~]# nohup: 忽略输入并把输出追加到'nohup.out'
设置监控runtime目录脚本并且开机自启
[root@czh ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@czh ~]# echo 'nohup /bin/bash /scripts/inotify.sh' >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@czh ~]# cat /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
nohup /bin/bash /scripts/inotify.sh
测试
[root@czh czh]# ll /home/czh
总用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 7 20:34 haha
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 7 20:34 hehe
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 7 20:34 xixi
[root@czh ~]# touch /runtime/zzz
[root@czh czh]# ll
总用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 7 20:34 haha
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 7 20:34 hehe
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 7 20:34 xixi
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 7 20:43 zzz
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