Java微信公众号之消息的接收和响应二

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-09 20:48:10 发布

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本文介绍如何处理微信公众号发送的消息，包括消息格式解析、文本消息处理及响应消息生成。

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技术文档

在校验的时候微信公众平台向我们发送的是Get的请求，而后接收消息的时候，发送的是Post请求，并且消息的发送和接收和发送都是xml格式，现在看看格式：

文本消息格式

<xml>  
    <ToUserName>< ![CDATA[toUser] ]></ToUserName> 
    <FromUserName>< ![CDATA[fromUser] ]></FromUserName>           
    <CreateTime>1348831860</CreateTime> 
    <MsgType>< ![CDATA[text] ]></MsgType> 
    <Content>< ![CDATA[this is a test] ]></Content>    
    <MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>  
    </xml>

图片消息格式

<xml> 
       <ToUserName>< ![CDATA[toUser] ]></ToUserName> 
       <FromUserName>< !   [CDATA[fromUser] ]></FromUserName>    
       <CreateTime>1348831860</CreateTime> 
       <MsgType>< ![CDATA[image] ]></MsgType> 
       <MediaId>< ![CDATA[media_id] ]></MediaId> 
       <MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId> 
</xml>

这里写图片描述

知道了消息的格式，现在我们要做的就是消息的转化

   <dependency>
      <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.6</version>
    </dependency>

借助dom4j的jar包，我们可以编写方法，将XML格式，转化对Map对象格式，方法实现如下：

public class MessgaeUtils {

       /*将xml格式转化为map*/
        public Map<String,String> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
           Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>();

            SAXReader reader=new SAXReader();
            InputStream inputStream=request.getInputStream();
            Document doc=reader.read(inputStream);
            Element root=doc.getRootElement();//得到根节点
            List<Element> list=root.elements();//根节点下的所有的节点
            for(Element e:list){
                map.put(e.getName(),e.getText());
            }

            inputStream.close();
            return  map;
        }
}

消息是实体类：

  private String ToUserName;

    private String FromUserName;

    private Long CreateTime;

    private String MsgType;

    private String Content;

    private String MsgId;

还需要xstream jar将我们的消息内容转变为xml

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.thoughtworks.xstream/xstream -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
    <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
    <version>1.4</version>
</dependency>

方法：

/*将我们的消息内容转变为xml*/

        public static String objectToXml(Message message){
            XStream xStream=new XStream();
            xStream.alias("xml", message.getClass());
            return xStream.toXML(message);
        }

post方法逻辑：

 @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        String str = null;



//将request请求，传到Message工具类的转换方法中，返回接收到的Map对象
           try {
               Map<String, String> map = MessgaeUtils.xmlToMap(request);



//从集合中，获取XML各个节点的内容

            String ToUserName = map.get("ToUserName");

            String FromUserName = map.get("FromUserName");

            String CreateTime = map.get("CreateTime");

            String MsgType = map.get("MsgType");

            String Content = map.get("Content");

            String MsgId = map.get("MsgId");
            //这里只处理文本消息
            if (MsgType.equalsIgnoreCase("text")){

                Message message=new Message();
                message.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
                message.setToUserName(FromUserName);
                message.setContent("您发送的消息是text文本消息"+"很帅");
                message.setMsgId(MsgId);
                message.setMsgType("text");
                message.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());

                str=MessgaeUtils.objectToXml(message);
            }

             System.out.println(str);

        }catch (Exception e){
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
           out.print(str);
           out.close();
    }

结果：
这里写图片描述

对应的url以及token

这里写图片描述
参考：
http://www.cnblogs.com/jerehedu/p/6534110.html

完整代码

pom.xml

<dependencies>


    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/dom4j/dom4j -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
      <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
      <version>1.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>

    </dependency>

    <!--创建Servlet-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <!--//<scope>provided</scope>-->
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

servlet

public class WeiXinServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        String str = null;



//将request请求，传到Message工具类的转换方法中，返回接收到的Map对象
           try {
               Map<String, String> map = MessgaeUtils.xmlToMap(request);



//从集合中，获取XML各个节点的内容

            String ToUserName = map.get("ToUserName");

            String FromUserName = map.get("FromUserName");

            String CreateTime = map.get("CreateTime");

            String MsgType = map.get("MsgType");

            String Content = map.get("Content");

            String MsgId = map.get("MsgId");
            //这里只处理文本消息
            if (MsgType.equalsIgnoreCase("text")){

                Message message=new Message();
                message.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
                message.setToUserName(FromUserName);
                message.setContent("您发送的消息是text文本消息"+"很帅");
                message.setMsgId(MsgId);
                message.setMsgType("text");
                message.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());

                str=MessgaeUtils.objectToXml(message);
            }

             System.out.println(str);

        }catch (Exception e){
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
           out.print(str);
           out.close();
    }

     @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{

        System.out.println(request.getMethod().toString());
        while (request.getAttributeNames().hasMoreElements()){
            System.out.println("1");
            request.getAttributeNames().nextElement();
        }
        // 微信加密签名
        String signature = request.getParameter("signature");

        // 时间戳
        String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");

        // 随机数
        String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");


        // 随机字符串  由于我使用的是申请的测试账号，并没有随机字符串随意这里的ech是null
        String ech = request.getParameter("echostr");

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        if (CheckUtil.checkSignature(signature,timestamp,nonce))
             System.out.println("校验成功");

              out.print(ech);

           }

    }

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app
        version="3.0"
        xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">


     <servlet>
       <servlet-name>bb</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>yiche.com.servlet.WeiXinServlet</servlet-class>
     </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>bb</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/ok.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

文本消息


public class Message {


    private String ToUserName;

    private String FromUserName;

    private Long CreateTime;

    private String MsgType;

    private String Content;

    private String MsgId;

消息转化工具类

public class MessgaeUtils {


       /*将xml格式转化为map*/
        public static Map<String,String> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
           Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>();

            SAXReader reader=new SAXReader();
            InputStream inputStream=request.getInputStream();
            Document doc=reader.read(inputStream);
            Element root=doc.getRootElement();//得到根节点
            List<Element> list=root.elements();//根节点下的所有的节点
            for(Element e:list){
                map.put(e.getName(),e.getText());
            }

            inputStream.close();
            return  map;
        }

        /*将我们的消息内容转变为xml*/

        public static String objectToXml(Message message){
            XStream xStream=new XStream();
            xStream.alias("xml", message.getClass());
            return xStream.toXML(message);
        }
}

doGet方法校验以及加密工具类

public class CheckUtil {

    public static final String tooken = "jkjkjkhk"; //开发者自行定义Tooken


    //signatrue微信公众平台传过来的的经过加密的签名
    public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {

//1.定义数组存放tooken，timestamp,nonce

        String[] arr = {tooken, timestamp, nonce};

//2.对数组进行排序

        Arrays.sort(arr);

//3.生成字符串

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

        for (String s : arr) {

            sb.append(s);

        }

//4.sha1加密,网上均有现成代码

        String temp = getSha1(sb.toString());

//5.将加密后的字符串，与微信传来的加密签名比较，返回结果

        return temp.equals(signature);
    }



    public static String getSha1(String str){

        if(str==null||str.length()==0){

            return null;

        }

        char hexDigits[] = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',

                'a','b','c','d','e','f'};

        try {

            MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");

            mdTemp.update(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));



            byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();

            int j = md.length;

            char buf[] = new char[j*2];

            int k = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {

                byte byte0 = md[i];

                buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];

                buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];

            }

            return new String(buf);

        } catch (Exception e) {

            // TODO: handle exception

            return null;

        }

    }


}