SpringBoot(一) 入门

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什么是SpringBoot

Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架，其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置，从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置

Spring Boot具有如下特性：

1、为基于Spring的开发提供更快的入门体验
2、开箱即用，没有代码生成，也无需XML配置。同时也可以修改默认值来满足特定的需求。
3、提供了一些大型项目中常见的非功能性特性，如嵌入式服务器、安全、指标，健康检测、外部配置等。
4、Spring Boot并不是不对Spring功能上的增强，而是提供了一种快速使用Spring的方式。

项目创建
Spring Boot建议使用Maven或Gradle，本文以Maven为例

1. 添加依赖

新建maven工程，在pom.xml文件中添加一下依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.github.abel533</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.0.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
                        <version>1.2.5.RELEASE</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

pom.xml文件中默认有两个模块：

spring-boot-starter：核心模块，包括自动配置支持、日志和YAML；

spring-boot-starter-test：测试模块，包括JUnit、Hamcrest、Mockito

2. 新建一个应用类

我们新建一个Application.java

@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ConfigBean.class})
public class Application {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String sayHello(){

        return "Hello SpringBoot!";
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

}

注意

Spring Boot建议将我们main方法所在的这个主要的配置类配置在根包名下。

在Application.java中有main方法。

因为默认和包有关的注解，默认包名都是当前类所在的包，例如@ComponentScan, @EntityScan, @SpringBootApplication注解。
@RestController

因为我们例子是写一个web应用，因此写的这个注解，这个注解相当于同时添加@Controller和@ResponseBody注解。
@EnableAutoConfiguration

Spring Boot建议只有一个带有该注解的类。

@EnableAutoConfiguration作用：Spring Boot会自动根据你jar包的依赖来自动配置项目。例如当你项目下面有HSQLDB的依赖时，Spring Boot会创建默认的内存数据库的数据源DataSource，如果你自己创建了DataSource，Spring Boot就不会创建默认的DataSource。

@SpringBootApplication

由于大量项目都会在主要的配置类上添加@Configuration,@EnableAutoConfiguration,@ComponentScan三个注解。

因此Spring Boot提供了@SpringBootApplication注解，该注解可以替代上面三个注解（使用Spring注解继承实现）。

3.运行

执行SpringApplication.run，然后访问http://localhost:8080即可

项目启动后输出如下日志：

[INFO] Attaching agents: [F:\.m2\repository\org\springframework\springloaded\1.2.5.RELEASE\springloaded-1.2.5.RELEASE.jar]

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.2.3.RELEASE)

2015-12-12 22:26:35.298  INFO 9844 --- [           main] c.github.abel533.springboot.Application  : Starting Application on liuzh-PC with PID 9844 (F:\Liu\IDEA\SpringBoot\spring-boot\target\classes started by liuzh_3nofxnp in F:\Liu\IDEA\SpringBoot\spring-boot)
2015-12-12 22:26:35.332  INFO 9844 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@a38d7a3: startup date [Sat Dec 12 22:26:35 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
2015-12-12 22:26:35.734  INFO 9844 --- [           main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory     : Overriding bean definition for bean 'beanNameViewResolver': replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration.class]] with [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.class]]
2015-12-12 22:26:36.302  INFO 9844 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2015-12-12 22:26:36.456  INFO 9844 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service Tomcat
2015-12-12 22:26:36.457  INFO 9844 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.20
2015-12-12 22:26:36.537  INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2015-12-12 22:26:36.537  INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1207 ms
2015-12-12 22:26:36.941  INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean        : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2015-12-12 22:26:36.944  INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2015-12-12 22:26:36.945  INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2015-12-12 22:26:37.111  INFO 9844 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@a38d7a3: startup date [Sat Dec 12 22:26:35 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
2015-12-12 22:26:37.152  INFO 9844 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto java.lang.String com.github.abel533.springboot.Application.home()
2015-12-12 22:26:37.152  INFO 9844 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/now],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto java.lang.String com.github.abel533.springboot.Application.hehe()
2015-12-12 22:26:37.156  INFO 9844 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2015-12-12 22:26:37.156  INFO 9844 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[text/html],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2015-12-12 22:26:37.175  INFO 9844 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2015-12-12 22:26:37.175  INFO 9844 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2015-12-12 22:26:37.195  INFO 9844 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2015-12-12 22:26:37.237  INFO 9844 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2015-12-12 22:26:37.279  INFO 9844 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)